中国的大城市比美国的大城市更发达吗?(五))
2019-10-21 squart 21336
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Are Chinese big cities more developed than American ones?

中国城市和美国城市,做为世界上新旧都市的两种代表,谁更加发达?

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回答一:

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Yu Tian
Chinese tier 1 cites—Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou are getting close to New York City, and absolutely more developed than any other cities in the states.

中国一线城市北京、上海、广州,和纽约的差距越来越小,绝对比美国的其他任何城市都要发达。

After being living in the states for three years and traveling to several big cities, a feeling becomes more and more clear that the cities in the states are not developing continuously. A very obvious evidence is New York City, being constrained in the Manhattan Island, the city is not growing, the infrastructure is not getting better. This is true not only in regard to big cities, but to small towns as well. The town Newark, DE where my graduate school is located, and where I currently live, is fairly suburban, even rural in Chinese standard. When thinking about the hundred year old history of this university, it is unbelievable that the town hasn’t grown larger for so long. A good comparison is the town—Songjiang University Town, where my old college is located. It started as several universities (7) choosing this town as the location for their new/second campus, which was the suburban area of city of Shanghai. During my first year staying there 2007, it would take us 2 hours to travel to city of Shanghai by bus. Then light rail and subway were completed open to traffic in the second year, which reduced the traveling time to 40 minutes. Big living units/complexes continued to be built up during the following years. I went back China and visited my college in 2016, at that time, they were constructing trails for electric tram to replace all the buses.

在美国生活了三年,去几个大城市旅游过,越来越清楚地感觉到:美国城市并没有和谐发展。一个非常明显的证据就是:纽约,被限制在了曼哈顿岛,这个城市没有增长,基础设施也没有得到改善。这个观点不仅适用于美国的大城市,也包括小的城镇。我读研究生所在的纽瓦克镇,也就是我现在居住的地方,在中国相当于郊区,甚至是农村,想想这所大学百年的历史,让人难以置信,这座城市这么长时间没有变大。一个和这很好的比较就是上海的松江大学城,我以前的学校所在地,最开始有几所大学选择这个地方作为他们新的校区,或者第二个校区,这里是上海市郊区,2007年,我在上海的第一年,乘公共汽车去上海市区要两个小时,这之后第二年,轻轨和地铁建成通车,去上海市区的旅行时间缩短到40分钟。然后接下来的几年时间,大型生活周边配套设施和建筑群继续建设。2016年,我回到中国,参观了我的大学,那时候,他们正在修建电车轨道,以取代所有的公共汽车。
回答二:

CJ Wen
“Mega-cities” in China such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen take on multi-purpose roles: they are not only financial and business centers of their respective regions, but also residential hubs for tens of millions of people. Oftentimes the biggest financial goal for a Chinese working family is home ownership (apartment) at a central location in a major city. In the US, however, cities generally are places where people meet each other for work or entertainment. Some young college grads may temporarily rent apartments in the city, but most of them are expected to eventually move out to the suburbs. In China, the concept of suburbs practically do not exist.

中国的“特大城市”,如北京、上海和深圳,扮演着多功能的角色:它们不仅是各自地区的金融和商业中心,而且是千万人口的居住中心。中国工薪家庭通常最大的经济目标,就是在大城市的中心位置拥有住房(公寓)。然而,在美国,城市通常是人们为了工作或娱乐而见面的地方。一些年轻的大学毕业生可能会暂时在城里租公寓,但他们中的大多数最终会搬到郊区。在中国,郊区的概念实际上是不存在的。
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But this is for good reason: in China, people live inside the cities to gain access to good paying jobs, quality health care and better education. Cities are where all resources concentrate, hence the people. The inflow of large population demands newer and more efficient public transportation systems, more aggressive vertical development (taller buildings), and innovative urban planning. The downside of all this, is that mega cities have become more crowded, more expensive to live in and harder to stay for migrants. This creates staggering inequality in China between metropolitan and rural residents. In fact, a friend of mine once said: “If you earn a good living in Beijing or Shanghai, good for you, you live in the first world. But if you are a little adventurous and decide to drive 300 miles inland, you’ll find yourself in a third world country.”

但这是有充分理由的:在中国,人们生活在城市里是为了获得高薪工作、高质量的医疗保健和更好的教育。城市是所有资源的集中地,因此也是人的集中地。大量人口的涌入需要更新和更有效的公共交通系统,更积极的垂直发展(更高的建筑物),以及创新的城市规划。这一切的缺点是,超大城市变得更加拥挤,居住成本更高,移民更难留下来。这在中国造成了城乡居民之间惊人的不平等。事实上,我的一个朋友曾经说过:“如果你在北京或上海过上好日子,你就生活在第一世界。但如果你冒点险,决定往内陆移动300英里,你会发现自己身处第三世界国家。”

US urban structure used to be similar to that until the advent of a robust highway system and later, government-led racial integration efforts. The byproduct of this well-intended attempt is that it drove most white Americans into the suburbs and African Americans into the city. As white Americans moved into the suburbs, so did all the resources previously concentrated in the cities. Today, many of the best hospitals and schools in America are private, white, and suburban. With high rate of automobile ownership, sophisticated highway systems and a culture of driving, Americans do not see a city subway or interstate high speed train as living necessities whereas China does (because it has to). After all, most public transportation projects are essentially a subsidy to lower income people, or a form of “economic redistribution”, which is why it’s not happening in America.

美国的城市结构曾经与此类似,直到一个强大的高速公路系统出现,以及之后政府主导的种族融合的尝试,这种精心设计的尝试的副产品是,它把大多数美国白人赶往郊区,把非裔美国人赶往城市。随着美国白人迁入郊区,如今,美国许多最好的医院和学校都是私立的、白人所有、位于郊区的。由于汽车拥有率高,公路系统复杂,驾驶文化浓厚,美国人并不认为城市地铁或州际高速列车是生活必需品,而中国则这样认为(因为它必须如此)。毕竟,大多数公共交通项目本质上是对低收入人群的补贴,或者是一种“经济再分配”,这就是为什么美国没有这样的项目。
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Ultimately, when we say a place is “developed,” we generally mean that this place has a “developed” quality of life. Dubai has the tallest building in the world but that doesn’t necessarily mean everyone wants to move there. There is a multitude of factors that determine whether a city is “ahead” of another, and a single measurement such as the height of skyscraper won’t give you a clear and unbiased answer.

归根结底,当我们说一个地方是“发达”的时候,我们一般是指这个地方有“发达”的生活质量。迪拜有世界上最高的建筑,但这并不意味着每个人都想搬到那里。决定一个城市是否比另一个城市“领先”的因素有很多,仅仅测量一个城市的摩天大楼的高度并不能给你一个清晰而公正的答案。
回答三:

Rita Ru
Sure!
Although China still is a developing country, some big cities such as peking,guangzhou and shanghai in China are very modern, even more developed than some cities in the USA in some aspects, according to my personally experiences.

当然!(中国城市要比美国城市发达!)
尽管中国仍然是一个发展中国家,但根据我个人的经验,中国的一些大城市,如北京、广州和上海,在某些方面都非常现代化,甚至比美国的一些城市更发达。

l am a Shanghainese. To be honest, Shanghai has been developing rapidly these years. l love SH! And l often hear my friends who study in America complain about the bad transportation in the USA. For instance, you know in shanghai,there are 16 lines and many buses which means in shanghai you can travel freely and wherever you can go. What''''''''s more, nowadays, shanghainese can also choose to go outside via shared bicycle. This is a new-style transport. It''''''''s cheap and convenient,also it''''''''s environmental-friendly!

我是上海人。老实说,上海这几年发展很快。我经常听到我在美国留学的朋友,抱怨美国的交通不好,比如说在上海,有16条地铁线路和许多的公共汽车,这意味着在上海,你可以自由地旅行,无论你想去哪里。更重要的是,现在上海人也可以选择通过共享自行车外出。这是一种新型的交通工具,既便宜又方便,还环保!

SH is a highly-developed city. l think it quite weird because few cities can combine its traditional culture with the modern technology so perfectly. but shanghai it is!
And l want to say this topic itself is weird and questionable.

上海是一个高度发达的城市。我觉得很奇怪,因为很少有城市能把传统文化和现代科技完美地结合起来。但上海就是这样!
我还想说的是,这个话题很奇怪也很可疑。
回答四:

Yu-Ning Chen
I wouldn’t say so. The answer of this questions depends on how you define ‘developed’. China is an developing country while its cities are the fastest developing sectors. It is hard to balance the development in all aspacts and all suburbs in a city while it is changing so fast. So, while you are shocked by all these new skycrapers, shopping centres, metros and other sighs of modern city, there are alleys lacked of planning and stores with simple decoration juat a few blocks away. I am not saying that those blocks are slums. They could be as busy as those modernest blocks. The only reason they are still remained is the latter developed too fast. The city developed too quick for the city managers to plan.

我不会这么说的。这个问题的答案取决于你如何定义“发展”,中国是一个发展中国家,而城市是发展最快的地方。一个城市的发展变化如此之快,很难平衡它所有地区和所有郊区的发展。所以,当你被这些新的天际线、购物中心、地铁和其他现代化城市标志所震惊的时候,在几个街区之外,仍然有一些缺乏规划的小巷和装饰简单的商店。我不是说那些街区是贫民窟,他们可能和那些最现代化的街区一样繁忙,他们仍然留在这里的唯一原因是,后者发展得太快了,这个城市发展得太快,城市管理者无法规划。
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Not only the imbalance is a problem, but also the lagging development of its ‘soft power’, including the city culture, local community building, city managing systems, and some important infrastructure, like schools, hospitals, gymnasiums and parks. Chinese cities need time and experiments to improve all these sectors.
On the contrary, American cities, like NYC, are developed which have mature solutions for many problems Chinese cities facing today.
So, instead of saying Chinese cities are more developed than American cities, I would say that Chinese cities and American cities are in different developing stage. American cities are more mature while Chinese cities have a higher potential and are developing fast. In many sectors, especially those related to ecomonic activities, Chinese cities are ahead of American cities.

这种不平衡不仅是一个问题,而且使得城市的软实力发展滞后,包括城市文化、地方社区建设、城市管理体制以及一些重要的基础设施,如学校、医院、体育馆和公园。中国城市需要时间和试验来改善所有这些部门。
与此相反,美国的城市,如纽约市,已经发展成熟,解决了中国城市面临的许多问题。
所以,我不是说中国城市比美国城市更发达,而是说中国城市和美国城市处于不同的发展阶段。美国城市更加成熟,而中国城市具有更高的潜力和发展速度。在许多领域,特别是与经济活动有关的领域,中国城市领先于美国城市。

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