网帖翻译

A very large international team of researchers has identified the origin of the domesticated chicken. In their paper published in the journal Cell Research, the group outlines the extensive genetic study they conducted and what they learned from it.

一个大型国际研究小组已经确定了家养鸡的起源。发表在《细胞研究》杂志上的论文中，该小组概述了他们进行的广泛的基因研究，以及他们的研究成果。

Until now, the origin of the domesticated chicken has remained up for debate, though most in the field have suspected that it got its start somewhere in China (sometime around 7500 B.C.E.) and involved one or more subspecies of red jungle fowl. In recent times, researchers claim to have found evidence of the birds originating in northern China and the Indus Valley. The researchers with this new effort contradict that finding, reporting evidence of an origin in southwestern parts of China, northern Thailand and Myanmar. In either event, once the bird was domesticated, all agree it was transported and bred on every continent except Antarctica.

到目前为止，关于家养鸡的起源一直存在争议，但大多数学者都怀疑家鸡可能起源自中国某地(大约公元前7500年)，涉及红色原鸡的一个或多个亚种。最近，有研究人员声称发现了这种鸟类起源于中国北部和印度河流域的证据。该小组的研究人员对这一发现进行了反驳，小组研究人员报告了在家养鸡起源自中国西南部、泰国北部和缅甸的证据。无论如何，一旦这种鸟被驯化，所有研究人员都认为这种鸟一旦被驯化，就可以在除南极洲以外的各个大陆上运输和繁殖。

Understanding chickens is important: they not only represent the most populous bird (they outnumber other species by a very large number) but they also represent the single largest source of animal protein in the human diet. They have also played a major role in human migration history.

了解鸡很重要:鸡不仅是数量最多的鸟类(家养鸡的数量比其他物种多得多)，而且鸡还是人类饮食中最大的动物蛋白来源。鸡在人类迁徙史上也扮演了重要的角色。

The new study involved collecting and sequencing 863 genomes in all: of that total, 787 involved whole genome sequencing, 162 of which were from domestic chickens. Also, 142 of the specimens came from birds representing all of the subspecies of red jungle fowl. And 12 were from green jungle fowl, two were from gray jungle fowl and four were from Ceylon jungle fowl.

这项新的研究共收集和测序了863个基因组，并对其中的787个基因组进行了全基因组测序，其中162个基因组来自家鸡。另外，142个标本来自红色原鸡的所有亚种的鸟类。绿原鸡12个，灰原鸡2个，锡兰原鸡4个。

红原鸡

绿原鸡

The researchers were able to use the resulting data to piece together the place where chickens were first domesticated: southwestern parts of China, northern Thailand, and Myanmar. They also found that the birds that eventually became the modern domestic chicken were originally a red jungle fowl subspecies called Gallus gallus spadiceus. The data also showed that after the birds were carried off to other parts of Asia, they were bred with other red jungle fowl and also other jungle fowl species. The researchers also found that domestic chickens diverged from Gallus gallus spadiceus between 9,500 and 3,300 years ago, which was much later than the time when first domestication began.

研究人员能够利用这些数据拼凑出鸡最初被驯化的地方:中国的西南部、泰国北部和缅甸。研究人员还发现，最终成为现代家鸡的鸟类是一种红色原鸡亚种，被称为红原鸡的滇南亚种。数据还显示，这些鸟被带到亚洲其他地区后，与其他红色原鸡和其他原鸡品种一起繁殖。研究人员还发现，大概9500年到3300年钱，家鸡从滇南亚种原鸡分化出来，这比人类首次驯化家鸡的时间要晚得多。

Moebius
I wonder where that first domesticated chicken came from, an undomesticated chicken or a domesticated egg?

我想知道第一只家鸡是从哪里来的，未驯化的鸡还是驯化的蛋?