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I always knew the USA mostly did this and until a few years ago I thought Europeans never did that, I grew up in Belgium and I know no one, literally no one who has taken the name of their husband. But then I moved to Switzerland and noticed women do take their husbands‘ last names. My boyfriend (who is from Slovakia) told me the women there also take their husbands‘ names. How is it in your country? (Generally speaking)

我一直都知道大部分美国人都会这么做，直到若干年前我还以为欧洲人从来不会搞这一套，我在比利时长大，就没听说过有谁冠过夫姓，真的是一个也没有。但之后我搬去了瑞士，然后就注意到那里的女人会冠夫姓。我男朋友（他是斯洛伐克人）告诉我说，他们国家的女人也会冠夫姓。各位，你们的国家情况如何？

1、No, they don't. Following Spanish naming customs (and similarly in Catalan and Basque naming systems), no one changes their surnames after marrying. Everyone keeps their surnames, which are generally two, one coming from the father and another from the mother, in either order (traditionally father comes first though).
In consequence children also bear both surnames.

（巴斯克地区）她们不会随夫姓的。会遵循西班牙人的命名习俗（加泰罗尼亚和巴斯克地区的命名方法也与之类似），在婚后没有人会改变她们的姓。她们所有人都会保留其姓氏，而通常会有两个姓，一个来自父亲另一个来自母亲，顺序不定（但传统上父姓居前）。
这样带来的结果就是，孩子也会有两个姓。
（回复1）I really like this. In the USA there’s been a shift towards women not talking the man’s name (I agree with the shift), but it’s lead to awkwardness with children’s names.
我真的很喜欢这种方法。在美国已经出现了女人不冠夫姓的转变（我很赞成这种变化），但这样就会导致在给孩子起名时出现尴尬。
（回复2）In consequence children also bear both surnames.

This may also be the case in former Spanish colonies.
In the Philippines, it's often the case that everyone has two surnames, and that the mother's surname/maiden name becomes your middle name.

（苏格兰）“这样带来的结果就是，孩子也会两个姓。”
前西班牙殖民地也适用这种情况。
在菲律宾，有两个姓是很常见的情况，而母亲的姓或婚前姓会成为你的中间名。

2、I looked up the numbers because I was curious:
75% of married couples take the husband's name
6% take the wife's name
in 12% of cases each keeps their own
8% combine them to a double name

（德）我出于好奇去查了一下（德国的）数据：
已婚夫妇中有75%会冠夫姓
6%会冠妻姓
12%则会各自保留各自的姓氏
8%会取两者组成双姓
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

3、It's normal for women to keep their last names. I've never met anyone with their husband's last name.

（意）女人保留自己的姓氏是很正常的。我从来没见过有任何人冠夫姓的。
（回复1）Sometimes you may find Maria Rossi in Bianchi (meaning that her surname is Rossi and has married Mr. Bianchi), but it's only used on funeral posters and graves.
（意）有时候你可能会看到“Maria Rossi in Bianchi”这种形式（意思是她的姓是Rossi，而她嫁给了Bianchi先生），但这种形式只会用在葬礼的海报和墓碑上。

4、You have a few different options. Let’s say there’re Kiss Ferenc (male) and Varga Ilona (female) who just got married.

（匈牙利）你有几种不同的选择。我们就以刚刚结婚的Kiss Ferenc (男) 和Varga Ilona (女)为例。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

First of all in Hungary your surname comes first () and your given name comes second (Ferenc, Ilona).

首先，在匈牙利，你的姓是居前（Kiss，Varga）的，而名居后（Ferenc, Ilona）。

The wife can take their spouse’s full name + né. Né means someone’s wife. So Varga Ilona becomes Kiss Ferencné. This is very old fashioned but it was popular in my grandparents generation. It’s fading out.

妻子可以采用配偶的全名，后面再缀上né。Né的意思是“某某某的妻子”。所以Varga Ilona就变成了Kiss Ferencné。这种属于非常老派的做法，但在我爷爷奶奶那一代人中是非常流行的，正在退出历史舞台。

The wife can take the husband’s last name + né. So Ilona becomes Kissné Varga Ilona. This is still present today but slowly becoming less and less popular.

妻子可以加冠夫姓，后面再缀上né。所以Ilona就成了Kissné Varga Ilona。这种做法现今依然存在，但正在慢慢变少，也越来越不流行。

The wife can hyphenate her name. So in this case she becomes Kiss-Varga Ilona. This is pretty popular nowadays.

妻子可以在姓名前加上连字符。所以在这种情况下她就成了Kiss-Varga Ilona。现如今相当流行的就是这种做法。

The wife can take the husband’s surname. So she’ll be Kiss Ilona. This is gaining popularity.

妻子可以冠夫姓。所以她就成了Kiss Ilona。如今这种做法也挺受欢迎。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Or lastly she doesn’t change her name at all. This is pretty rare but not unheard of.

最新的发展是，妻子完全不改动自己的名字。这就相当罕见了，但也不是没听说过。
（回复1）Or lastly she doesn’t change her name at all. This is pretty rare but not unheard of.
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

This is most common among celebrities since their name is also their brand.
Also among people with doctorates. I'm not sure how to law works with this but I've heard from multiple women friends who have dr. or Dr. before their names that they would lose it if they were to modify their family names.

完全不改动名字在社会名流中最为普遍，因为她们的名字也是她们的品牌。
而有博士头衔的人群也会这样操作。我不太确定法律对此是怎么规定的，但我从好几个在名字前加上dr.或Dr.前缀的女性朋友那儿听说过，她们要是想改动姓氏，就会失去这个博士头衔。

5、Some women take their husband's name, others don't, and some hyphenate. Some men take their wife's name. Some couples take/create a new name or dig one up from someone's family history. Some couples use both of their last names and hyphenate. So basically anything you can think of as long as you stick to two last names at most.

（瑞典）有些女人会冠夫姓，另一些则不会，还有一些会加上连字符。有些男人会冠妻姓。有些夫妇会取用或创造一个新名字，或是从家族史中挖一个出来。有些夫妇会两个姓氏都取用然后加上连字符。所以基本上你能想到的都是可以的，只要坚守不超过两个姓的规则即可。

Cultural reason? It used to be tradition to take the husband's name as your new family name, but when this was deemed sexist (which it is), things started changing and now everything concerning this is completely voluntary.

你问文化上的原因？在过去冠夫姓是一种传统，但是当这种做法被视为性别歧视（这确实是性别歧视）后，情况就开始变化了，现在，一切牵涉这个问题的种种做法，完全都是自愿的。
（回复1）This also goes for Denmark.
这些也适用于丹麦。

6、Since 1983 women keep their maiden last names when getting married.

（希腊）自1983年起，女人在结婚时会保留她们娘家的姓。
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Which I find extremely pratical cause e.g. imagine trying to find an old school friend you lost track of via social media while she got married and changed her last name to something you don't know

我觉得这样操作是极为实用的，因为，比如说，想通过社交媒体设法找到一个已经失散的老同学，而她却嫁人了并改成了某个你并不知晓的姓氏。

7、In Poland the traditional way was always to take the husband's name, more modern approach is what my wife did, i.e. add the husband's name to your own to create a double name. It's also legal for the husband to take on his wife's name, have both partners join their names or take on a completely new name for both of them - but those options are hardly ever used. I tried to convice my wife that we should both take the Skywalker name, but somehow that idea got rejected :/

（波兰）在波兰，传统的做法一直都是冠夫姓，更现代一些的则是我妻子的做法，也就是把丈夫的姓加进你自己的姓，以形成一个双姓的名字。丈夫冠妻姓、夫妻把各自的姓合起来或是取一个全新的姓也都是合法的，但几乎没人会选择这些选项。我曾试着说服我妻子我们都应该给自己起个Skywalker（天行者）的姓，但不知怎么的没了下文。
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8、You can keep your name, you can take the spouse's name (regardless of gender), you can hyphenate, you can compromise by taking the spouse's name but not adding the -ova suffix if you're a woman.

（捷）你可以保留你的姓，你可以采用配偶的姓（不考虑性别），你可以加连字符，如果你是女人，那你可以用折中的办法，也就是冠上你配偶的姓，但不加-ova这个后缀。

Mostly, the woman takes the man's name and -ova's it. I guess so that there's no haggling over the names of the kids if they plan to have them?

大部分情况下，女人会冠夫姓并加上-ova的后缀。我猜这样的话，在确定他们孩子跟谁姓时就不会争论不休了吧？如果他们计划要个孩子的话。

9、Used to be standard in Belgium as well, but it became seen as old fashioned and kind of sexist a long time ago. Weird how that evolution didn't happen in a lot of other countries.

（比利时）在过去的比利时，冠夫姓是常规做法，但在很久以前就渐渐被视为老派的做法，而且还带点歧视女性的意味。在其他很多国家都没有出现这样的进展还真有点奇怪呢。
（回复1）I've got the feeling that this didn't happen in the Netherlands specifically because to many people here the whole getting married thing is seen as old-fashioned. Many people just live together without getting married. So the women who do get married seem to enjoy making a point of coming across as married, in my opinion. (I'm possibly biased because I'm so grossed out by the girls from my primary school who all changed their married name on facebook to show off their married status :')).
（荷）我感觉这种风俗并没有发生在荷兰，而这也是有很特别的原因的，因为在我们这里的很多人看来，结婚这整件事本身就挺老掉牙的。很多人会在不结婚的情况下直接同居。所以那些真结了婚的女性似乎很享受给别人留下已婚的印象，我是这么觉得的（可能我带有偏见，因为我小学里那些女同学太让我作呕了，她们全都在脸书上把自己的名字改成了夫姓，好显摆她们的已婚身份）。

10、Generally speaking the woman takes the husband's surname, but like this (name) (husband's surname) - (own surname). They don't get rid of their own one completely. But in the recent years more women keep their own surname. When they do take their husband's name it's usually out of tradition or the feeling of wanting to be "part of the family" once children are born (otherwise the mother is the only one with a different surname).

（荷）大体而言，女人会冠夫姓，但会以这样的形式呈现：名+夫姓+本姓。她们不会完全扔掉自己原本的姓。但近些年来，越来越多的女性保留了她们自己的姓。而如果她们确实冠了夫姓，那通常是受传统影响，或是在孩子降生后想成为“家族的一部分”（不然的话，母亲便成了家里唯一一个拥有不同姓氏的人了）。

11、In Portugal, you may add you spouse's surname to yours. You never lose any of your already existing surnames. You're not expected to do it nowadays, and no one's gonna care if you don't do it. My mom did it so she has 3 surnames at the moment (her two given ones + my dad's main surname).

（葡）在葡萄牙，你可以把你配偶的姓加入你的名字。你绝对不会失去你的既有姓氏。现如今，不会有人指望你去冠夫姓了，如果你不冠夫姓，也没有人会介意。我妈冠过夫姓，所以她现在有三个姓氏（她的父姓和母姓，再加上我父亲的姓）。
（回复1）Be mindful that although Portuguese and Spanish have very similar naming traditions, the mother's surname goes first in Portuguese. So when someone tells you their full name, that first surname is their mother's. That said, that surname is most likely to be your paternal grandfather's, as the father's name is the one that traditionally (not legally) gets passed down. I don't have my maternal grandmother's surname for this reason, only my grandfather's. Also for this reason, in a formal setting, you'll likely only be addressed by your given name + your second surname (your father's).
需要注意的是，虽然葡萄牙人和西班牙人有着非常类似的取名传统，但葡萄牙人会把母亲的姓放在前面。所以当有人告诉你他们的全名时，第一个姓氏是他们的母姓。即便如此，这个姓也极有可能就是你爷爷的姓，因为在传统上（而非法律上），会代代相传的是父亲的姓。因为这个原因，我没有我外婆的姓，而只有我外公的。也因为这个原因，在正式场合中，别人可能只会称呼你你的名+你的第二个姓（你的父姓）。

Fun fact, in Portugal you can legally have up to 4 surnames IIRC. Technically, both parents can pass both of their surnames to their children. I've never heard of anyone who's done it, though. Most people have one or two given names + two surnames. And then there's the random person who has their husband's/wife's surname added at the end.

有趣的事实是，如果我没记错的话，在葡萄牙你可以合法拥有多达四个姓。从技术上讲，父母双方都可以把自己的两个姓全部传给他们的孩子。但我从来没听说有谁这么干过。大多数人有一个或两个名，以及两个姓。还有些人会把他们丈夫或妻子的姓加在最后。

12、We use patronyms and sometimes matronyms. Taking up a spouses patronyn would be pretty weird. So no, everyone keeps their own names.

（冰岛）我们用的是父名，有时也会用母名。采用配偶的父名会很奇怪的。所以不会冠夫姓的，每个人都会保留自己的名字。

13、Usually yes, it's a tradition stemming from the traditional family with the husband as the head of the family, and the majority of women still do this. But it is becoming more common not to change the surname. And sometimes a husband takes the wife's surname if he doesn't like his own surname or for some other reason, but it's pretty rare. From the legal standpoint, when you marry, you can either leave your surnames as is, choose one of the two surnames, or create a double surname separated by a hyphen (unless one of the two surnames is already double).

（俄）通常情况下会的，这是源于传统家庭的一种传统，即丈夫是一家之主，大部分女人仍然会冠夫姓。但不改姓的情况正变得越来越普遍。而有些时候，丈夫如果不喜欢自己的姓或是出于其他原因，也会采用妻子的姓，但这非常罕见。站在法律的立场来说，结婚时你可以不改姓，可以选择两个姓中的一个，也可以创造一个用连字符隔开的双姓（除非两个姓中已经有一个是双姓了）。