动物寻奇:自然界的好伙伴之乌鸦和狼
2023-09-01 yzy86 3501
正文翻译

The wolf’s effective hunt of large prey and striking, soulful appearance have attracted both haters and lovers of this wild predator.

狼对大型猎物的高效捕杀,外加其醒目且充满灵气的外表,同时勾出了人们对这种野生掠食者的憎恨和喜爱。

Wolves were so despised that the U.S. government established a bounty program that helped to eliminate all but a few hundred wolves in the United States by the 1930s. But thanks to the Endangered Species Act, the wolves are successfully being reintroduced to their place in nature, and it is the raven who loves its new ecosystem partner.

狼被鄙视的程度如此之深,以至于美国政府曾制定出一项悬赏计划,该计划实施到20世纪30年代的时候,已经帮助美国把狼杀剩至几百头。但多亏了《濒危物种法案》,狼被重新引进到它们在自然界中的家园,而爱上这个生态系统中新伙伴的正是乌鸦。

Much like their human counterparts, ravens and wolves have formed a mutually beneficial relationship in which they seem to both respect and engage each other in playful activities.

很像人类之间出现的情况,乌鸦和狼已经构成了一种互惠互利的关系,在这种关系中,它们似乎很尊重彼此,还会一同嬉戏。

Although many animals benefit from a wolf pack’s kill of an elk or deer, the ravens are first on the scene. Yellowstone National Park biologists have closely studied the gray wolves which were reintroduced to Yellowstone in 1995 and found that it is the raven who has benefited the most from the wolves. The average number of ravens present at a wolf kill is 30 – and up to 135 have been recorded to eat from the leftovers. Adirondack Wildlife, Inc. has reported a new study suggests that the real reason wolves hunt in packs is “to minimize the portion of a carcass lost to ravens!” These birds constantly carry away chunks of meat and can steal up to one-third of an animal carcass.

虽然很多动物都能从狼群捕杀马鹿或鹿(多指白尾鹿)的活动中获利,但乌鸦是第一个冒头的。黄石国家公园的生物学家对1995年时重新引入黄石公园的灰狼进行了仔细的研究,然后发现,因狼群而受益最多的是乌鸦。在一个狼群捕杀的现场,平均会有30只乌鸦在场,而且,根据记录,会有多达135只乌鸦去吃狼群吃剩的残骸。阿迪朗达克野生动物股份有限公司的报告说:一项新研究表明,狼成群捕猎的真正原因是"为了最大限度地降低尸骸被乌鸦吃掉的比例!"这些鸟类不断地叼走肉块,能偷走的量达到了一具动物尸骸的三分之一。

While it may appear that the ravens just take advantage of the wolves, Bernd Heinrich, author of Mind of the Raven: Investigations and Adventures with Wolf-Birds, writes that the ravens repay their wolf benefactors: “At a kill site, the birds are more suspicious and alx than wolves. The birds serve the wolves as extra eyes and ears.”

虽然看起来是乌鸦在占狼的便宜,但《乌鸦的心灵:对与狼伴生的鸟展开的调查和冒险》一书的作者贝恩德·海因里希写道,乌鸦会回报于它们有恩的狼。"在捕杀现场,鸟比狼更多疑也更警惕。这些鸟起到了额外的眼睛和耳朵的功能,以此来服务狼"。

Ravens may also lead wolves to animal cadavers or to nearby prey. It is believed that the wolves may respond to the ravens’ calls or other behavior that indicates food. Sometimes when the ravens fly, the wolves will follow. Ravens have even been observed leading wolves to animal carcasses too tough for the ravens to penetrate with their strong, sharp beaks.

乌鸦也可能会引导狼群找到动物尸骸或是附近的猎物。据信,狼可能会对乌鸦的呼叫或其他指示食物的行为作出反应。有时在乌鸦飞起来时,狼也会跟着它们跑。甚至还有人观察到过,乌鸦把狼群领到了靠它们自己那锋利的硬喙啄不透的坚硬尸骸跟前。

When not competing for their next meal, wolves and ravens also play with each other. Observers have seen ravens dive at the wolves and then quickly fly away. Ravens may peck at the wolves’ tails to get the wolves to chase them, or the ravens may be teased themselves by wolf cubs chasing after them.

当狼和乌鸦不需要为了下一餐而竞争时,它们也会一起嬉戏。观察者曾见过乌鸦向着狼群俯冲,然后迅速飞离。乌鸦可能还会去啄狼尾巴,好勾引狼去追它们,有些乌鸦也可能会放任追赶它们的小狼崽戏耍自己,以此取乐。

While their relationship with ravens has certainly produced an odd couple in nature, wolves have also created a staggering effect on the natural ecosystem as a whole. The Yellowstone National Park wolf restoration program has been intensively studied and the wolves have provided a greater understanding of the importance of their role as a predator in maintaining the integrity of the entire ecosystem. They remind us that “in nature everything is connected to everything else” (from “The Wolves of Yellowstone,” Brooks/Cole division of Thomson Learning, Inc.).

狼和乌鸦的关系固然造就了自然界中的一对古怪伴侣,但狼也对整个自然生态系统造成了惊人的影响。黄石国家公园的狼群恢复计划已经得到了集中深入的研究,狼群让我们对它们这种掠食者在维护整个生态系统完整的方面发挥的作用有了更多更深入的了解。它们提醒了我们,"在大自然中,每一种生灵都是和其他一切生灵相互关联的"(摘自《黄石公园的狼》)。

评论翻译
1、Who would have thought that Wolves had air support.

连狼都有空中支援,谁能想到呢。

2、I read somewhere we're all huge AI ships carrying entire civilisations of microorganismes who created us as their vehicles, watercrafts, aircrafts to be used for their own comfort and protections.

我在某个地方读到过,我们全都是巨大的人工智能飞船,搭载着的是整个微生物文明,是它们把我们创造出来的,把我们当成它们的车辆、船只、飞行器,以此来获取舒适的生活乃至自保。

Enemy species are usually also inhabited by enemy microorganismes dominating the hosts, and same thing for ally species.

敌方种族通常也栖居着敌方的微生物,支配宿主的正是它们,盟友种族也是同理。

Very similar to what humans' future spacefaring with super huge spaceships could be.

这就很像是用超大型飞船来完成人类未来的太空旅行,

3、New insight into Game of Thrones.

洞悉《权力的游戏》的新角度。

4、I can absolutely confirm this weird connection between Ravens and Canine fam.

乌鸦和犬科家族间的这种奇怪联系,我是绝对可以证实的。

I used to work pretty far up north in Canada drilling and blasting in an open pit quarry. There was a "quarry" dog, snagle toothed, no owner, god knows how old. There was also a pit Raven. In the bottom of the pit at lunch they would both get fed scraps.

我以前在加拿大极北部工作,是在一个露天矿场搞钻探和爆破。矿场里有条长着尖牙的无主老狗,它有多大年纪只有天晓得。矿坑里还有只乌鸦。到了吃午饭的时候,它们都会在坑底接受残羹剩饭的投喂。

It seemed the pit dog did not like to eat cheetos for whatever reason but didnt want to give them up right away to the raven. The dog would approach the chetto at about 5 feet, the raven would do the same on the other side. The dog would move one foot forward, the raven one foot back. Dog would back up one foot, the raven moved forward 1 foot.

这条矿场狗似乎不喜欢吃奇多,原因不明,但又不想立刻让给乌鸦吃。那狗会一路接近奇多,然后在5英尺外停下,而那只乌鸦也会在另一边做同样的动作。狗向前迈一步,乌鸦就会向后退一脚。狗退后一尺,乌鸦就会前进一尺。

It was like a dance, the dog clearly did not want to harm the Raven, just enjoyed the company.

就像是在跳舞,显然那狗不想伤害乌鸦,只是很享受这种陪伴。

5、As a guess, I bet the wolves would rip up any carcass making it easier for the ravens to eat.

小猜一下,我敢打赌那些狼会把尸骸撕裂开来,这样那些乌鸦就能更容易吃到了。
(回复1)Without the wolves to rip open the carcass, the ravens best bet to get into it are through the eye or the asshole.
要是没有狼帮它们撕开尸骸,乌鸦的最佳选择就是通过眼睛或肛门钻进体内。
(回复2)Yeah, in the article it mentioned that ravens make a lot of noise around carcasses. A signal to larger predators that there is a dead animal to rip open for them!
是啊,这篇文中提到了,乌鸦会在尸体周围闹出很大的响动。这是发给大型掠食者的一种信号,意思是这里有死尸,快来帮它们撕开!

6、Same thing with Bats and pigs. Bats will lead pigs to their dung heaps where truffles grow, the pigs forage, thereby cleaning the cave and allowing the colony to grow.

蝙蝠和猪之间也会出现同样的现象。蝙蝠会把猪带到它们的粪堆边,也就是会长出松露的地方,那些猪会在那儿搜寻食物,如此一来山洞就会变干净,这块栖息地也能由此扩大。
(回复1)I wonder if they name their favorite pigs.
我还很好奇,它们会不会给它们最喜欢的那头猪起个名字什么的。

7、My old favorite character to play in Diablo 2 was a Druid... He could summon both Ravens and Wolves. Kind of interesting, and makes me wonder if the relationship was known by those creators, or if they were just accidentally insightful.

想当初,我在《暗黑破坏神2》中最喜欢选择的角色是德鲁伊…他能召唤乌鸦和狼群。还挺有趣的,这就让我很好奇了,那些游戏的开发者是否清楚这种关系的存在,还是说他们的这种洞察力,只是瞎猫碰上死耗子而已。
(回复1)This was my first thought too. I feel bad only putting one point into the Raven skill now.
我的第一反应也是这个。我现在感到有点不好意思了,因为我在召唤乌鸦技能上只升了一点。


8、I work in an open pit mine. And we have a trio that hangs out together. A Raven, coyote, and magpie. It’s like a sitcom. They play and Eat together. It’s really cute to watch

我在一个露天矿场工作。我们有一个经常会一起出去玩的三人组。乌鸦、郊狼和喜鹊。有点像情景喜剧。它们一起玩,也一起进食。那情景,瞧着还真挺可爱的。

9、I wonder if this is why they are Odin’s companions. Two ravens; Two wolves.

我很想知道,这是否就是它们成了奥丁同伴的原因。两只乌鸦,两头狼。

10、My dad believes they are two halves of the same animal.

我爸相信,它们是一只动物分成了两半。

11、The magpies in my area would play with my dog. They’d walk behind her while she was laying down give a gentle yank to her tail and she’d get up and chase them and go lay back down. Then the process would repeat. It was the cutest thing ever.

我这个地区的喜鹊会和我的狗一起玩。它们会跟着她后面走,在她躺下来时,会轻轻地扯一下她的尾巴,她就会起身追它们,再回来躺下。之后,这个过程会不断重复。这可真是最最可爱的事情了。
(译注:喜鹊和乌鸦同科不同属,分类学上可以认为喜鹊是一种鸦)

12、It’s almost like nature is interconnected, and any small changes we make screw with the balance. Who would have thought.

貌似大自然是互相联系的,我们肇始的任何小变化都会破坏这种平衡。谁能想到呢。

13、This explains a lot! We do a lot of outdooring with our dogs and it's very common to have ravens "play" with our dogs, even so much as one time when we were overlanding we had a raven follow the trucks for the better part of two days, interacting with the dogs at every stop.

这就解释了很多现象!我们会带着狗狗做很多户外运动,乌鸦来和我们的狗狗“嬉戏”是相当常见的情况,甚至有那么一次,我们在玩越野的时候,有只乌鸦跟着卡车车队飞了一天多,每次停靠都会和狗狗们互动。

14、This is more concerning than you might think at the onset.
This means that wolves have technology to develop drones.
They must be stopped.

这可能比你乍一想来的还要令人担忧。
这就意味着,狼群拥有研发无人机的技术。
必须阻止它们。

15、Even lone wolves need friends.

连孤狼都需要朋友。

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