历史之前发生了什么，人类起源
正文翻译
What Happened Before History? Human Origins
历史之前发生了什么，人类起源
What Happened Before History? Human Origins
历史之前发生了什么，人类起源
评论翻译
Experts kinda agree farming was much harder work than hunting/gathering.
专家们一致认为，耕种比狩猎和采集要难得多。
yeah but look how quickly humans advanced after they started farming.
是啊，但看看人类在开始耕种后进步得多快。
much harder work but much more reliable way of feeding larger populations
耕种工作要辛苦得多，但作为养活更多人口的方式要可靠得多
everything is fine,but one question. which thing will kill you?hunting a "saber tooth" or harvesting crops?so tell me which thing is harder now?
一切都很好，但有一个问题。哪件事会要了你的命？猎杀一颗“剑牙”还是收割庄稼？那么告诉我现在哪件事更难？
Most of our myths involving humans somehow screwing up an initial idealic existence come from the early era of agriculture. There is a theory that these stories are actually refering back to our hunter gatherer days. The idealic part would come from not having to deal with the responsobilities, structure & annoyances of living in a city or even a small village.
我们关于人类以某种方式搞砸了最初的理想化存在的神话故事大多来自早期农业时代。有一种理论认为，这些故事实际上可以追溯到我们狩猎采集的时代。理想化的部分来自于不必处理生活在城市或者小村庄的责任、安排和烦恼。
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And it could be a totally valid argument!!!
It took more than one generation to acquire the necessary knowledge and technology to make farming more efficient than hunting/ gathering.
Same problem with today's kids who think they can change the world....
这可能是一个完全有效的论点！
需要一代以上的时间才能获得必要的知识和技术，使农业比狩猎、采集更有效率。
今天的孩子们也有同样的问题，他们认为自己可以改变世界……
Still this lifestyle allowed the human population to far exceed numbers supported by the hunter gatherer lifestyle.
尽管如此，这种生活方式仍使人类人口远远超过了狩猎采集生活方式所支持的数量。
Hunter gathering is a lot easier if you want to feed yourself. Farming is a lot easier if you want to feed the rest of the village.
如果你想养活自己，猎人聚会要容易得多。如果你想养活村子里的其他人，种地就容易多了。
that's exactly what would preserve our natural instincts. It appears were domesticating ourselves. A man that can't hunt for sustenance is not a man at all. BTW, especially you live near rich waters, fishing can be really easy. Easier still if you use a primitive spearing tool. I've already done that as a prepubescent child.
这正是保存我们自然天性的方法。看起来就像是驯化我们自己。为了生存不能捕猎的男人根本就不是男人。顺便说一句，尤其是你住在富饶的水域附近，钓鱼真的很容易。如果你使用原始的矛刺工具，那就更容易了。我在青春期前的时候就已经做过了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Salt for taste and you have a delicious lunch for the day. You'll be surprised how much you can catch, it's more difficult to catch enough than to catch too much lol. As for land based meat. One will develop the skill fairly quickly when the instincts come back. We are still animals and our instincts are still in there somewhere. You have to keep in mind using of tools and fire predate homo Sapiens so these skills are locked deeply into our dna, since we evolved with spears and fire.
盐是用来调味的，而且使用它，你会有一顿美味的午餐。你会惊讶于你能钓到多少鱼，钓到足够的鱼比钓到太多的鱼要难得多。至于获得陆地上基本的肉类，当本能恢复时，人们会相当快地发展这项技能。我们仍然是动物，我们的本能仍然存在。你必须记住，工具和火的使用早于智人，所以这些技能深深地锁定在我们的DNA中，因为我们是用矛和火进化而来的。
I don't think base instincts would be vastly different across cultures.
我不认为基础本能在不同的文化中会有很大的不同。
well, hunting is dangerous.actually hunting was more time consuming and required more work and effort.
嗯，狩猎是危险的。实际上狩猎更耗时，需要更多的工作和精力。
"Hunting and gathering is instinctive" no, it freaking isn't, you risk eating poisoned things like wild mushrooms or various berries unless you're taught how to avoid them, hunting can be more natural but not the kind we practice today, rather humans would just follow prey until it tired to run anymore and then kill and eat it.
“狩猎和采集是本能的”不，它不是，你会冒险吃有毒的东西，比如野生蘑菇或各种浆果，除非你被教导如何避免它们。狩猎可以更自然，但不是我们现在训练的那种方法，而是人类跟随猎物，直到它疲惫不再逃跑，然后杀死并吃掉它。
One of our biggest advantages is that we don't have fur and lose heat by sweating, so we have much more autonomy than the furry beasts when it comes to stamina (they need to sit and rest and with their mouth open to let out the heat, unlike humans).
我们最大的优势之一是我们没有毛皮，不会因出汗而失去热量，因此在耐力方面，我们比毛茸茸的野兽拥有更多的自主权（因为它们需要坐下来休息，张嘴散热，不像人类）。
Yeah but it’s easier to feed a larger population by farming than by hunting/gathering.
是的，但是通过务农比狩猎、采集更容易养活更多的人口。
at one point , we would too . Theres a science behind it , we tend to stay away from the lifestyle we havent been in because the lifestyle we used to have had kept us alive , any different from our pass lifestyle felt like a threat to us .
在某种程度上，我们也会这样做。这背后有一个科学依据，我们倾向于远离我们以前没有过的生活方式，因为我们过去的生活方式让我们活着，任何与我们过去的生活方式不同的东西都感觉像是对我们的威胁。
the point is that it would have been a SHORT SIGHTED argument and not a valid argument for long-term survival of a species. That is the context in which the video broached the topic.
关键是这是一个短视的论点，而不是一个物种长期生存的有效论点。这就是视频提出这个话题的背景。
it’s only fun and easy for you to hunt and gather today because you do it as a hobby, not out of necessity for the survival of yourself and your family, clan, tribe.
今天狩猎和采集对你来说很有趣，也很容易，因为你这样做是一种爱好，而不是为了你自己和你的家人、氏族、部落的生存必须要做的。
That means when you go out to hunt and gather, it’s easy and fun because there’s no longer any competition between people and tribes for the resources they are hunting and gathering, and you’re reaping as much as you want without competition.
这意味着当你外出狩猎和采集时，这是容易和有趣的，因为人们和部落之间不再有任何竞争来争夺他们正在狩猎和采集的资源，你可以在没有竞争的情况下随心所欲地收获。
It’s like running a marathon by yourself and getting excited every time you win because you’ve placed first, then mocking athletes who train so much and for whom it’s hard to place first, and you not understanding why.
这就像你自己一个人跑马拉松，每次你赢了就很兴奋，因为你获得了第一名，然后嘲笑那些训练如此之多、很难获得第一名的运动员，而你却不明白为什么。
That’s what makes it fun and easy for you, because it’s a hobby leisure activity now. So ultimately you’re still benefiting from modern society providing for everyone else’s needs so that they don’t have to hunt and gather by necessity, which keeps hunting and gathering fun and easy as a hobby for you.
这就是它对你来说既有趣又容易的原因，因为它现在是一种业余爱好休闲活动。所以归根结底，你仍然受益于现代社会为每个人提供的需求，这样他们就不需要通过狩猎和采集获得必需品，而这也让狩猎和采集对你来说只是一种乐趣和轻松的爱好。
If all people started to hunt and gather again, as their way to feed themselves (not to supplement what they get from the supermarket nor as a hobby) it would again become about how much resource is available in the wild, in natural condition quantities, to sustain everyone hunting and gathering.
如果所有的人都开始以狩猎和采集作为他们养活自己的方式(而不是用他们从超市买到的东西作为供应，也不是作为一种爱好)，这将再次成为关于在自然条件下，野外有多少资源可供利用以维持每个人的狩猎和采集的问题。
Another thing that has changed tremendously is having to be social. Back then, if you were not social, you lived a short life. Today, it is not necessary to be social anymore. One can live perfectly fine without any friends nor a mate. You can actually be successful without being social at all.
另一件已经发生巨大变化的事情必须是社交。那时候，如果你不爱社交，你的生命就会很短暂。今天，再也没有必要进行社交活动了。没有朋友和伴侣，一个人也可以过得很好。实际上，你可以在没有社交的情况下取得成功。
Friends and a mate are simply options now, not so when you were sharing hunting grounds with wolves, bears, rival hunting teams, and huge aggressive herbivores.
朋友和伴侣现在是简单的选择，但当你与狼、熊、敌对的狩猎队和巨大的攻击性草食动物共享狩猎场时，就不是这样了。
it offered more reward though. if it did not they never would have moved to farming. also it was safer
但它提供了更多的回报。如果不是这样的话，他们就永远不会去务农了。而且它也更安全
yes, the areas like the steps and the forests of north america were more advantageous for hunting, while the banks of rivers in Asia Europe, and the Nile, were better for farming
是的，北美的太阳强度和森林等地区更适合狩猎，而亚洲、欧洲和尼罗河的河岸更适合耕种。
early farming was very monoculturistic though, thats why the cradel of civilization are located in semi arid regions because there wouldnt have been no need to farm in abundant areas.
尽管早期的农业是非常单一的文化，但是为什么文明的发源地位于半干旱地区，那是因为在富饶的地区不需要耕种。
The differences between agricultural and hunter gatherer societies are even apparent in their remains with the remains of agriculure based societies having a generally smaller stature and smaller bones than hunter gatherers. at least in early agriculture.
农业社会和狩猎采集社会之间的差异在他们的遗骸上也很明显，以农业为基础的社会遗骸通常比狩猎采集人的身材和骨骼更小。至少在早期农业中是这样。
I believe agriculture was a necessity that eventually became a norm once the regions dried up and wild food sources dwindled
我相信，农业是一种必需品，一旦这些地区干涸，野生食物来源减少，农业最终就会成为一种常态。
it is also good to add that having a farming based society takes a certain population to accomplish, because you need people to farm, protect the farms, as farming gets more complicated, build irrigation and build plows. so farming is required for complex society in my opinion
还有一点很好的补充，建立一个以农业为基础的社会需要一定的人口来完成，因为你需要人来耕种，保护农场，因为农业变得更加复杂，建造灌溉和犁地。所以在我看来，复杂的社会需要农业。
It helps to understand that if you take a look at non domesticated species of our domesticated plants their yields are tiny because we've bred them for a long time and all our crops have evolved into plants that give big yields, after all in the wild it'd make no sense for a plant to put all of its energy into making fruit it only needs just enough to bait animals into spreading its seeds.
这有助于理解，如果你看我们驯养植物的那些非驯养物种，它们的产量很小，由于我们培育了很长时间，我们所有的作物都进化成了高产的植物，毕竟在野外，一种植物把所有的能量都花在结果实上是没有意义的，它只需要足够的诱饵来诱使动物传播它的种子。
The first farmers would have done backbreaking work with inferior tools only to get very small rewards from plants that give much smaller amounts of food. Imagine how hard farming would be without machines, then imagine farming without even steel tools and after all that the food you get is tiny!
最初的农民会用劣质的工具做繁重的工作，只能从提供少得多食物的植物那里得到很小的回报。想象一下没有机器耕种会有多难，然后想象一下没有钢铁工具的耕作会有多难，毕竟你得到的食物是很少的！
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
imagine doing that everyday with really and I mean really primitive tools for the rest of your life, not so easy anymore huh?
想象一下，在你的余生里，每天都用非常原始的工具来做这件事，不再那么容易了，是不是？
you think the tools were that primitive? You think just because they lived a hunter gatherer lifestye that no decent amount of craftsmanship could be achieved. Didn't they find huge intricate statues somewhere from the paleolithic era?
你觉得这些工具有那么原始吗？你认为仅仅因为他们过着狩猎采集的生活方式，就没有什么像样的手工艺可以去做。人们不是在某个地方发现了来自旧石器时代的巨大而错综复杂的雕像吗？
This shows advanced cooperation and enough spare time to actually build something else instead of just focussing on survival. And this was pre agriculture.
这显示了高级的合作和足够的空闲时间来切实地建造其他东西，而不仅是专注于生存。这就是前农业时代。
Its not like you have to go hunt for meat every single day. As mentioned, taking 4-5 hours of your day to gather a bit will be more than sufficient to supply a tribe. Not to mention most of the tribe members all contribute to the community. The daily hikes for "work" can also be an activity of leisure.
这并不是说你每天都要去打猎。如前所述，每天花4-5个小时收集一点就足以满足一个部落的需求了。更不用说大多数部落成员都为团体做出了贡献。每天“工作”的徒步旅行也可以是一种休闲活动。
especially adolescents will be delightted to roam around and prove their worth by competition though kills or gathering berries.
尤其是青少年会乐于四处游荡，通过杀戮或采摘浆果来证明自己的价值。
Farmers actually had shorter lives, then hunter gathering, because they had a worse food sextion.
实际上，农民的寿命比猎人聚集的寿命短，因为他们的食物选择更差。
a lot of the time they are actually correct though, and people just don’t listen and keep moving endlessly forward until they exhaust themselves and look back on their lives and realize, oh shit I was wrong. That’s the sad part of it, we think they are just old crotchety people, but they are wishing they listened to their elders earlier and then we grow up and wish the same thing. It’s maybe even set up that way to teach us to appreciate things in life because it’s so easy to take things for granted but there is such a tremendous price to pay for it.
实际上，很多时候他们是正确的，人们就是不听，一直往前走，直到他们筋疲力尽，回顾自己的生活，意识到，哦，该死的，我错了。这就是可悲的地方，我们认为他们只是些脾气暴躁的老人，但他们希望自己可以早点听长辈的话，然后我们长大后也会有同样的愿望。这可能是为了教我们鉴别生活中的事情，因为我们很容易认为一些事情是理所当然的，但却要为此付出巨大的代价。
100% that happened... "Back in my day we had to fight for ever bite of food we had"
100%的事情发生了...”在我那个时代，我们不得不为每一口食物而战。”
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
How could we all have specialised jobs if wed have to hunt all day for survival.
如果我们必须整天打猎以求生存，那我们怎可能都有专门的工作呢？
Farming sucked people didn't have enoigh protein during that time
在那个时期，种地的人没有足够的蛋白质
is it. Hunter gatherers had to gather most of the day and sometimes hunt for days. None of those high effort activities created any surplus. Farming on the other hand created surplus.
是吗。狩猎采集者一天中的大部分时间都必须聚集在一起，有时还要狩猎几天。所有这些高强度的活动都没有产生任何盈余。另一方面，农业创造了盈余。
on average it has been found that the typical hunter gatherer tribe works for 4 hours in a day. Also you'll be surprised how much from your surroundings are edible. And how much of those activities counted as leisure. As kids we used to go around the village to the various fruit trees around and had fun climbing and eating the fruits.
人们发现，典型的狩猎采集部落平均每天工作4个小时。你还会惊讶地发现，你的周围有多少东西是可以食用的，这些活动中有多少可以被当作休闲的。当我们还是孩子的时候，经常在村子里到处跑，去附近的各种果树那里，爬树，吃水果，玩得很开心。
we caught enough fish to eat for lunch without using nets. Also wild birds were caught quite often as well. But it depends on the environment, that's why I belive agriculture came to be in dryer areas.
我们捕到了足够的鱼作为午餐，而不用网。此外，野鸟也经常被捕获。但这取决于环境，这就是为什么我相信农业是在干旱地区出现的。
be a animal yourself...sorry... all predators except humans body is designed to eat only meat but humans have a choice well if I say your father was a thief will you become one you have a choice and finally DNA doesn't work like you think it dose not store memory it stores mutations. Don't confuse others.
你自己做个动物吧...抱歉..。除了人类以外，所有的食肉动物的身体记忆都是只吃肉的，但是人类是有选择的，如果我说你父亲是个小偷，你会成为一个贼吗？你可以选择，最后，DNA不会像你认为的那样工作，它不会储存记忆，只会储存突变。不要把别人搞糊涂了。
you have the choice now, but its a more unnatural choice. A homo sapien in it's natural habitiat will have a hard time taking substinence from just vegetation since we are limited in what we can digest. We can however digest other animals that have already processed the energy from the primary producers in their tissues, which per unit, provides more energy than vegetation. serves as better fuel for animals higher in the food chain.
你现在有选择，但这是一个更不自然的选择。在自然栖息地的智人很难从植被中获取足够的物质，因为我们的消化能力有限。然而，我们可以消化其他动物，这些动物已经在它们的组织中处理了来自初级生产者的能量，他们能提供的单位能量比植物的更多，为食物链较高的动物提供了更好的能源。
I think the moral dilemma lies with the treatment in animals in commercial settings. But I don't think theres a moral dilemma in eating other complex animals for food. I am specifically saying that "murder" to sustain oneself is okay since, contrary to the perception of most people, we are still very much part of the food chain. It's an arrogant assumption to assume otherwise. Making it fair to eat but also to be eaten. One complex being with all its experiences seizes to be, but in turn sustaining another. Molecules sustaining other molecules. Matter and energy transform.
我认为道德上的两难在于商业环境中的动物治疗，而不是以其它复杂动物作为食物。我明确地说，“谋杀”来维持自己是可以的，与大多数人的看法相反，我们仍然是食物链的重要组成部分。如果你不这么认为，那就太傲慢了。让吃的公平，也让被吃的公平。一个拥有所有经验的复杂存在抓住了它，但反过来又维持着另一个。分子维持其他的分子，物质和能量之间相互转换。
But one thing I can agree on, is that there is an overconsumption problem and I am very against Industrialization of slaughter.
但有一点我可以同意，那就是存在过度消费的问题，我非常反对工业化屠宰。
A lot of people will die yes, our numbers are not sustainable for that lifestyle. But with proper numbers it is gonna be a mundane and even enjoyable experience.
很多人都会死的，我们人类的数量对于这种生活方式来说是不足可支撑的。但是有了合适的人类数量，这将是一次平凡甚至愉快的经历。
no humans are better at digesting plants than meat.
人类在消化植物上比消化肉类更好。
that may be true but that doesn't mean we aren't omnivores, afterall Pandas have guts suited to eat more varied things and even meat but they still eat bamboo.
这可能是真的，但这并不意味我们不是杂食动物，毕竟熊猫的肠胃适合去吃更多样化的东西，甚至是肉类，但它们仍然吃竹子。
Also we have evolved from herbivorous/ omnivorous apes but Homo Erectus still put in the effort to use tools for procurement of meat. Very evident in Homo Heidelbergensis up to Neanderthalensia and Sapiens considering the species mentioned fashioned spears specifically to be used to hunt other animals.
此外，我们已经从食草/杂食性类人猿进化而来，但直立人仍然努力使用工具获取肉类。在海德堡人到尼安德特人和智人中非常明显，就所提到的物种而论，他们制造的矛专门用来狩猎其他动物。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Our guts have not needed to adjust for higher meat consumption because we tamed fire early on, starting with Homo Erectus. Thus our development and evolution went hand in hand with fire and the spear.
我们的肠胃不需要适应更高的肉类消耗，因为我们很早就驯服了火，从直立人开始。因此，我们的发展和进化与火和矛是齐头并进的。
Added to that tradition herbivores also consume meat from time to time as a source of calcium, among other things, with even deer going out of their way to pursue small mammals.
除此之外，食草动物还会不时地吃一些肉作为钙的来源，甚至鹿也会不遗余力地追逐小型哺乳动物。
Horses have been observed to do this too and it's not a case of accidentally eating an animal while grazing.
据观察，马也会这样做，这不是放牧时不小心吃掉动物的案例。
So basically having a gut made for herbivorous diets does not restrict a species from eating only vegetation
所以基本上，有一个为食草动物的饮食而生的肠胃并不会限制一个物种只吃植物
yea i agree but do you know why horses eat them they eat to gain some vital protiens same for cat which eat grass (mainly for digestive issues)also but the problem is they eated it which their body needed .We are just eating too much which our body does not need and which is not even taken up by our digestion 25g meat content including liver is enough for our body requirement for 6 months excluding fish which may vary from person to person .I agree that humans do not have the ability to recognise their needs but science have given them the comandments.there are still people who eat 1kg meat a day . .
是的，我同意，但是你知道为什么马吃它们吗？吃它们是为了获得一些重要的蛋白质，对于吃草的猫来说也是一样的(主要是为了消化问题),但问题是它们吃的正是它们身体需要的。我们人类吃了太多我们的身体不需要的东西，甚至没有被我们消化吸收。25克的肉类含量，包括肝脏，是足以满足我们身体6个月的需求，不包括鱼，鱼可能因人而异。我同意人类没有能力认识到他们的需求，但是科学已经给了他们这些需求的标准。然而依旧有人每天吃1公斤肉。
yeah the majority of people don't eat meat responsibly, I agree. And we eat too much meat. But I think radical veganism is not the way to go but I appreciate that they're around because they do actually bring down irresponsible meat production somewhat.
是的，我同意，大多数人是无责任感地吃肉。我们吃太多肉了。但我认为激进的纯素食主义不是出路，我确实很欣赏他们的存在，因为他们确实在某种程度上降低了无责任感的肉类生产。
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we occasionally do need some meat, and when were already consuming it, why not enjoy it am i right?
我们偶尔确实需要一些肉，当我们已经在吃它的时候，为什么不享受它呢，我说的对吗？
I find veganism tend to have quite the unhealthy amount of grain in their diet and there isn't really any limit on sugar but I guess all diets have their downsides.
我发现素食主义倾向于在他们的饮食中加入相当多的不健康的谷物，而且对糖也没有任何限制，我想所有的饮食都有其不利的一面。
I don't get it farming why farming was a good idea to our ancestors, working hard and dying from diseases doesn't sounds great. Liberty of gathering and hunting is more convincible
我不明白为什么农业对我们的祖先来说是一个好主意，努力工作和死于疾病听起来并不伟大。采集和狩猎的自由反而更有说服力
Early farming societies did both. It wasn't a sudden changeover...
早期的农业社会两者兼而有之。这不是一个突然的转变...
it’s weird that for all of human history humanity was pretty static until the early 1900s
奇怪的是，在整个人类历史上，直到20世纪初，人类的发展都是相当停滞的
Fun fact! There is evidence in the archeological record that says there was quite a bit of conflict between hunter gatherers, pastoralists, and agriculturalists.
They generally had strife over land resources, and largely the agricultural people won out because of their more consistent food supply and ability to maintain larger populations.
有趣的事实！考古记录中有证据表明，狩猎采集者、牧民和农学家之间有相当多的冲突。
他们通常会在土地资源上发生冲突，主要是农业人口获胜，因为他们的食物供应更稳定，有能力维持更多的人口。
Don't know if someone already mentioned it but I remember reading an article that mentioned alcohol may have been first brewed as a way of coping with the hard labour of farming.
我不知道是否有人已经提到过它，但我记得我读过一篇文章，里面提到酒可能是作为一种与农业的辛勤劳动相配合的方式而首先酿造的。
Hunting/ Gathering generally takes 4 hours in a day in modern tribal societies. Once you have killed an animal you take it back and share among the tribe. Bigger animals last days.
在现代部落社会中，狩猎/采集通常一天需要4个小时。一旦你杀了一只动物，你就把它带回去，在部落中分享。更大的动物会持续几天。
Also nutrient intake of hunter gatherers are better generally. This is evidenced by hunter gatherer remains being bigger and more robust than the remains of agricultural societies. This is one of the telltale signs that archeologists can differentiate human remains among other things.
狩猎采集者的营养摄入也普遍较好。这一点可以从狩猎采集者的遗骸比农业社会的遗骸更大、更健壮得到证明。这是考古学家能够在其他东西中区分人类遗骸的迹象之一。
Being in a tropical area, it's also easy to get fruits from the forest. Kids are usually the ones who go gather the fruits.
在热带地区，也很容易从森林中获得水果。孩子们通常是去摘水果的人。
It's short for, people living in metropolises should go for a more plant based diet because industrial meat industry is unsustainable for a large proportion of the population.
简而言之，生活在大都市的人更应该选择以植物为基础的饮食，因为工业肉类产业对大部分人口来说是不可持续的。
They probably weren't as narcissistic as the older generations we have too deal with today. Their kids had access too better stuff .
他们可能不像我们今天面对的老一代人那样自恋。他们的孩子可以接触到更好的东西。
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When i was your age, i didn't grow food; i CHASED food.
当我像你这么大的时候，我不种植食物；我追逐食物。
just little sad that they can't appreciate how far we came and what we went through
只是有点难过，他们不能理解我们走了多远，经历了什么
That quote. "I'm out" changed the world incredibly
这句名言，”我出局了“令人难以置信地改变了世界
the "god" of Evolution which created Material from nothing - violating 1st law of Thermodynamic, which created live from death material violating Law of chemistri Biogenesis. Which created perfect order, balance and harmony from Big Explosion, is in it fascinating?
进化论的“上帝”从无中创造了材料，违反了热力学第一定律，从死亡中创造了生命，违反了化学生物发生定律。从大爆炸中创造了完美的秩序、平衡和和谐，这很迷人吗?
maybe this is why he builds things so awsome, maybe because the world changed, from just a planet with a few trees and water slapped into it, to a planet that has 7.4 billion humans, how they build mega structures, how we make things in general, and more...
也许这就是为什么他建造了如此令人敬畏的东西，也许是因为世界发生了变化，从一个只有几棵树和水的星球，变成了一个拥有74亿人口的星球，他们是如何建造巨型建筑的，我们一般是如何制造东西的，等等……
My ancestor: my best skill is being able to work together with my tribe to kill animals that could be a threat to my family
Me: I can't even go into a shop without having an anxiety attack
我的祖先: 我最擅长的技能是能够和我的部落一起杀死可能威胁到我家人的动物
我: 我一走进商店就会感到焦虑
You are a testament to the wondrous success of our species. That crippling anxiety isn't a sextive pressure .
你证明了我们这个物种惊人的成功。这种极度焦虑不是一种选择性压力。
That was a joke, even if people struggle to eat today ,a lot of people in cities complain about things even after their easy life. Compared to the Stone Age our living standards are much better, that was my point.
那是一个笑话，即使有人在今天吃不饱，许多在城市中过上安逸生活的人还在抱怨一些事情。与石器时代相比，我们的生活水平要好得多，这是我的观点。
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I think it's a product of being comfortable all the time, all the people I know who work more often especially manual labor have less anxiety. We just live in a world that tends to our pleasures and not our hardships. It's a give and take though, life is less scary than ever but more depressing than ever
我觉得焦虑是一种长期舒适的产物，所有我认识人中工作更多的，尤其是体力劳动的，会有更少的焦虑。我们只是生活在一个倾向于快乐而不是痛苦的世界里。它有给予和接受，生活比以往任何时候都不可怕，但比以往任何时候都更令人沮丧
As someone with a nasty anxiety disorder I can say that there is possibly some truth to what you are saying. I live an extremely comfortable life, even by todays standards. I find that physical activity, such as working outside, or even just being outside improves my condition somewhat.
作为一个患有严重焦虑症的人，我可以说你所说的可能有些道理。即使以今天的标准来看，我也是过着极其舒适的生活。我发现身体的活动，比如在外面工作，甚至只是在外面，都会在一定程度上改善我的状况。
The summer I worked for my grandfather almost every day in blistering heat doing tedious and difficult labor was probably the happiest period of my life. I often wonder if Biology is at play, rejecting the easy lifestyle I desperately try to live. Been trying to get more active lately on that basis.
那个夏天，我几乎每天都在酷热中为祖父工作，做着繁琐而艰难的劳动，这可能是我一生中最快乐的时光。我经常想是不是生理因素在起作用，拒绝了我拼命想要过的轻松生活方式。在此基础上，我最近一直在努力活跃起来。
the body isn't made to be still that plus overthinking bcause you've got no real tasks to do must cause the body to subconsciously think you're trapped or something. Id recommend taking hikes. However I hope you get better bro
因为你没有真正的任务要做，而身体不是静止的，再加上过度思考，一定会导致身体下意识地认为你被困住了。我建议去远足，希望你变得更好，兄弟
You're the same as every other animal. Imagine the anxiety a bird would feel if it wasn't allowed to fly.
你和其他动物一样。想象一下，如果一只鸟不被允许飞行，它会感到多么焦虑。
Fun fact, even after 4000+ years of civilization, there are still uncolonized tribes, who haven’t even heard of the rest of the world
有趣的是，即使在4000多年的文明之后，仍然有一些未被殖民的部落，他们甚至没有听说过世界上的其他地方
One interesting thing to remember is, despite being isolated from bigger human society for thousands of years, evolution still happened more or less the same way to all us. Those isolated people still evolved to look similar to us and they have more or less the same mental and physical abilities like us.
需要记住的一件有趣的事情是，尽管与更大的人类社会隔绝了数千年，进化仍然或多或少地以同样的方式发生在我们所有人身上。那些与世隔绝的人仍然进化成与我们相似的样子，他们的智力和身体能力或多或少与我们大致相同。
but you can definitely tell where people’s evolutions changed, but for the most part due to humans sticking to familiar practices, evolution of culture and hunting strategies was slow, and spread faster than it changed, so likely that lead to evolution more or less being the same in most aspects
但你可以肯定地说，人们的进化在哪里发生了变化，但在很大程度上，由于人类坚持相似的做法，文化和狩猎策略的进化是缓慢的，传播的速度比它改变的速度更快，所以很可能导致进化在大多数方面或多或少是相同的
Do you mind listing few? I am curious and please make sure they are real and you can provide some proofs.
你介意列出几个吗？我很好奇，请确保它们是真实的，并且你能提供一些证据。
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Sentinelese people. They live on North Sentinel island in the Bay of Bengal. The Indian government prohibits any travel to this island and the tribe living there are protected. This is mainly because of their violent reactions whenever someone tried to establish contact with them. In order to keep them safe from our diseases and risk their extinction, the government decided to just let them be.
森蒂纳尔人，他们生活在孟加拉湾的北森蒂纳尔岛上。印度政府禁止任何人前往该岛，居住在那里的部落受到保护。这主要是因为每当有人试图与他们建立联系时，他们就会做出激烈的反应。为了保护他们免受我们疾病的侵袭，并冒着灭绝的风险，政府决定让它们自生自灭。
It's illegal to fish or sail within 5 nautical miles of that island. Though there is no proof of the Sentinelese being cannibals, you better not go there if you have a will to live.
The Sentinelese have been isolated from the rest of the world for more than 50,000 years now. I have travelled to Andaman and Nicobar islands which are closest civilized places to the north sentinel island. I was fascinated to learn about the Sentinelese when I was in Andaman. You should definitely look it up.
在该岛5海里范围内捕鱼或航行是违法的。虽然没有证据表明森蒂纳尔人是食人族，但如果你想活下去，最好不要去那里。森蒂纳尔人与世界其他地方隔绝已有5万多年了。我去过安达曼岛和尼科巴岛，这两个岛是离北森蒂纳尔岛最近的文明之地。当我在安达曼的时候，我对了解森蒂纳尔人非常着迷。你绝对应该去查一查。
"Today we live in the most advanced civilization humans have ever known" Funny how all generations could have said that at one point.
“今天，我们生活在人类所知的最先进的文明中”，有趣的是，所有世代都会说这样的话。
I think there was a moment when lots of human knowledge was lost, so not all generations.
我认为有那么一个时刻，人类的很多知识都丢失了，所以不是所有世代。
That's because every generation builds upon the last generations knowledge.
这是因为每一代人都建立在上一代人知识的基础上。
"Civilization" is a roller-coaster: knowledge and its applications (engineering, architecture, transportation, food production, art/jewellry, clothing etc) reaches a high, then catastrophe or barbarians or decadence or religious zealots tear it down and it has to start uphill again. The Minoans for example, had a WONDERFUL civilization going but then a bunch of stuff happened around 1700 b.c. and it was well over a thousand years before the Greeks again reached where they had been.
“文明”是一场过山车：知识及其应用(工程、建筑、交通、食品生产、艺术/珠宝、服装等)达到顶峰，然后灾难或野蛮人或颓废或宗教狂热分子将其推倒，它不得不重新开始。以米诺斯文明为例，他们曾有过辉煌的文明，但在公元前1700年左右发生了一系列的事情，希腊人又过了一千年才再次到达他们曾经去过的地方。
Then the Romans built upon the Greek knowledge base until their civilization (well in the west at least) crumbled. It took another thousand years for Europeans to shake off the anti-science crap of the RC and Orthodox chuches, and the roller-coaster went up again, to where it is now. OUR civilization may yet come crashing down around us, and it may require another thousand years to claw back to where we were when it collapsed....
然后罗马人在希腊的知识基础上建立起来，直到他们的文明(至少在西方)崩溃。欧洲人又花了一千年的时间才摆脱了天主教和东正教教会的反科学胡扯，过山车又一次上升到现在的位置。我们的文明可能会在我们周围崩溃，可能需要另一千年的时间才能回到它崩溃时的位置....
And funny how in all generations, there were peoples who said "It was better before, today is decadent"
有趣的是，世世代代都有人说“以前更好，今天是颓废的”。
i think it means more like this civilization is the starting point of everything that will happen in the future..
我想这更像是说这个文明是未来一切的起点。
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Well yeah and its actually true for every generation who said that. we havent found a way to predict the future still in order to compare with future generations.
嗯，是的，这对每一代这样说的人来说都是真的。我们还没有找到一种方法来预测未来，以便与子孙后代进行比较。
An example would be the Bronze Age collapse when the sea people invasion, climate change and societal failure destroyed entire civilizations and cultures. Or the transition from the classical era to the early medi era where writing became rare and expensive, literacy went downhill, scientific progress largely stops, and kingdoms fell to barbarism.
一个例子是青铜时代的崩溃，当时海人入侵、气候变化和社会失败摧毁了整个文明和文化。或者从古典时代到中世纪早期的过渡，在那里书写变得稀有和昂贵，识字能力每况愈下，科学进步基本上停止，王国陷入野蛮状态。
Culture and science are consistently advancing only from the Early Modern period imo.
我认为，文化和科学只是从近代早期开始不断进步的。
In the medi age the human civilization flourished in the Middle-East and Asia. Preserved the roman's knowledge and developed Maths (Algebra, trigonometry...), Chemistry etc. Without that period we maybe be living the beginning of The Industrial Revolution now if we are lucky. so it's still true.
中世纪，人类文明在中东和亚洲蓬勃发展。保存了罗马人的知识，发展了数学(代数、三角……)、化学等。如果没有那个时期并且我们是幸运的话，我们现在可能生活在工业革命的开端。所以这仍然是真的。
The funny thing is at school nobody would pay attention to these explanations.
有趣的是，在学校里没有人会注意这些解释。
“Yesterday is history, tomorrow is mystery, but today is a gift, that’s why it’s called present”
“昨天已成历史，明天仍未可知，但今天是上天赐予的礼物，这就是为什么它被称为”现在“的原因。”
I love humanity history. It always reminds me how far we’ve come as a species.
我热爱人类历史。它总是提醒我，作为一个物种，我们已经走了多远。
Do a future of humanity video, that’d be wild! Just thinking from this perspective on life has blown my mind about how humans evolve.
拍一部人类未来的视频，那就太疯狂了！仅仅是从这个角度思考生命，就让我对人类是如何进化的感到头晕目眩。
"Today we live in the most prosperous age humanity has ever experienced"
me: I bet every stage in humanity said that.
“今天我们生活在人类所经历过的最繁荣的时代”
我：我打赌人类的每一个阶段都会这么说。
I can imagine hunter gatherers thinking "kids these days rely to much on farming"
我可以想象到远古的狩猎采集者认为“现在的孩子很依赖耕种”
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我可以想象到远古的狩猎采集者认为“现在的孩子很依赖耕种”
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Experts kinda agree farming was much harder work than hunting/gathering.
专家们一致认为，耕种比狩猎和采集要难得多。
yeah but look how quickly humans advanced after they started farming.
是啊，但看看人类在开始耕种后进步得多快。
much harder work but much more reliable way of feeding larger populations
耕种工作要辛苦得多，但作为养活更多人口的方式要可靠得多
everything is fine,but one question. which thing will kill you?hunting a "saber tooth" or harvesting crops?so tell me which thing is harder now?
一切都很好，但有一个问题。哪件事会要了你的命？猎杀一颗“剑牙”还是收割庄稼？那么告诉我现在哪件事更难？
Most of our myths involving humans somehow screwing up an initial idealic existence come from the early era of agriculture. There is a theory that these stories are actually refering back to our hunter gatherer days. The idealic part would come from not having to deal with the responsobilities, structure & annoyances of living in a city or even a small village.
我们关于人类以某种方式搞砸了最初的理想化存在的神话故事大多来自早期农业时代。有一种理论认为，这些故事实际上可以追溯到我们狩猎采集的时代。理想化的部分来自于不必处理生活在城市或者小村庄的责任、安排和烦恼。
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And it could be a totally valid argument!!!
It took more than one generation to acquire the necessary knowledge and technology to make farming more efficient than hunting/ gathering.
Same problem with today's kids who think they can change the world....
这可能是一个完全有效的论点！
需要一代以上的时间才能获得必要的知识和技术，使农业比狩猎、采集更有效率。
今天的孩子们也有同样的问题，他们认为自己可以改变世界……
Still this lifestyle allowed the human population to far exceed numbers supported by the hunter gatherer lifestyle.
尽管如此，这种生活方式仍使人类人口远远超过了狩猎采集生活方式所支持的数量。
Hunter gathering is a lot easier if you want to feed yourself. Farming is a lot easier if you want to feed the rest of the village.
如果你想养活自己，猎人聚会要容易得多。如果你想养活村子里的其他人，种地就容易多了。
that's exactly what would preserve our natural instincts. It appears were domesticating ourselves. A man that can't hunt for sustenance is not a man at all. BTW, especially you live near rich waters, fishing can be really easy. Easier still if you use a primitive spearing tool. I've already done that as a prepubescent child.
这正是保存我们自然天性的方法。看起来就像是驯化我们自己。为了生存不能捕猎的男人根本就不是男人。顺便说一句，尤其是你住在富饶的水域附近，钓鱼真的很容易。如果你使用原始的矛刺工具，那就更容易了。我在青春期前的时候就已经做过了。
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Salt for taste and you have a delicious lunch for the day. You'll be surprised how much you can catch, it's more difficult to catch enough than to catch too much lol. As for land based meat. One will develop the skill fairly quickly when the instincts come back. We are still animals and our instincts are still in there somewhere. You have to keep in mind using of tools and fire predate homo Sapiens so these skills are locked deeply into our dna, since we evolved with spears and fire.
盐是用来调味的，而且使用它，你会有一顿美味的午餐。你会惊讶于你能钓到多少鱼，钓到足够的鱼比钓到太多的鱼要难得多。至于获得陆地上基本的肉类，当本能恢复时，人们会相当快地发展这项技能。我们仍然是动物，我们的本能仍然存在。你必须记住，工具和火的使用早于智人，所以这些技能深深地锁定在我们的DNA中，因为我们是用矛和火进化而来的。
I don't think base instincts would be vastly different across cultures.
我不认为基础本能在不同的文化中会有很大的不同。
well, hunting is dangerous.actually hunting was more time consuming and required more work and effort.
嗯，狩猎是危险的。实际上狩猎更耗时，需要更多的工作和精力。
"Hunting and gathering is instinctive" no, it freaking isn't, you risk eating poisoned things like wild mushrooms or various berries unless you're taught how to avoid them, hunting can be more natural but not the kind we practice today, rather humans would just follow prey until it tired to run anymore and then kill and eat it.
“狩猎和采集是本能的”不，它不是，你会冒险吃有毒的东西，比如野生蘑菇或各种浆果，除非你被教导如何避免它们。狩猎可以更自然，但不是我们现在训练的那种方法，而是人类跟随猎物，直到它疲惫不再逃跑，然后杀死并吃掉它。
One of our biggest advantages is that we don't have fur and lose heat by sweating, so we have much more autonomy than the furry beasts when it comes to stamina (they need to sit and rest and with their mouth open to let out the heat, unlike humans).
我们最大的优势之一是我们没有毛皮，不会因出汗而失去热量，因此在耐力方面，我们比毛茸茸的野兽拥有更多的自主权（因为它们需要坐下来休息，张嘴散热，不像人类）。
Yeah but it’s easier to feed a larger population by farming than by hunting/gathering.
是的，但是通过务农比狩猎、采集更容易养活更多的人口。
at one point , we would too . Theres a science behind it , we tend to stay away from the lifestyle we havent been in because the lifestyle we used to have had kept us alive , any different from our pass lifestyle felt like a threat to us .
在某种程度上，我们也会这样做。这背后有一个科学依据，我们倾向于远离我们以前没有过的生活方式，因为我们过去的生活方式让我们活着，任何与我们过去的生活方式不同的东西都感觉像是对我们的威胁。
the point is that it would have been a SHORT SIGHTED argument and not a valid argument for long-term survival of a species. That is the context in which the video broached the topic.
关键是这是一个短视的论点，而不是一个物种长期生存的有效论点。这就是视频提出这个话题的背景。
it’s only fun and easy for you to hunt and gather today because you do it as a hobby, not out of necessity for the survival of yourself and your family, clan, tribe.
今天狩猎和采集对你来说很有趣，也很容易，因为你这样做是一种爱好，而不是为了你自己和你的家人、氏族、部落的生存必须要做的。
That means when you go out to hunt and gather, it’s easy and fun because there’s no longer any competition between people and tribes for the resources they are hunting and gathering, and you’re reaping as much as you want without competition.
这意味着当你外出狩猎和采集时，这是容易和有趣的，因为人们和部落之间不再有任何竞争来争夺他们正在狩猎和采集的资源，你可以在没有竞争的情况下随心所欲地收获。
It’s like running a marathon by yourself and getting excited every time you win because you’ve placed first, then mocking athletes who train so much and for whom it’s hard to place first, and you not understanding why.
这就像你自己一个人跑马拉松，每次你赢了就很兴奋，因为你获得了第一名，然后嘲笑那些训练如此之多、很难获得第一名的运动员，而你却不明白为什么。
That’s what makes it fun and easy for you, because it’s a hobby leisure activity now. So ultimately you’re still benefiting from modern society providing for everyone else’s needs so that they don’t have to hunt and gather by necessity, which keeps hunting and gathering fun and easy as a hobby for you.
这就是它对你来说既有趣又容易的原因，因为它现在是一种业余爱好休闲活动。所以归根结底，你仍然受益于现代社会为每个人提供的需求，这样他们就不需要通过狩猎和采集获得必需品，而这也让狩猎和采集对你来说只是一种乐趣和轻松的爱好。
If all people started to hunt and gather again, as their way to feed themselves (not to supplement what they get from the supermarket nor as a hobby) it would again become about how much resource is available in the wild, in natural condition quantities, to sustain everyone hunting and gathering.
如果所有的人都开始以狩猎和采集作为他们养活自己的方式(而不是用他们从超市买到的东西作为供应，也不是作为一种爱好)，这将再次成为关于在自然条件下，野外有多少资源可供利用以维持每个人的狩猎和采集的问题。
Another thing that has changed tremendously is having to be social. Back then, if you were not social, you lived a short life. Today, it is not necessary to be social anymore. One can live perfectly fine without any friends nor a mate. You can actually be successful without being social at all.
另一件已经发生巨大变化的事情必须是社交。那时候，如果你不爱社交，你的生命就会很短暂。今天，再也没有必要进行社交活动了。没有朋友和伴侣，一个人也可以过得很好。实际上，你可以在没有社交的情况下取得成功。
Friends and a mate are simply options now, not so when you were sharing hunting grounds with wolves, bears, rival hunting teams, and huge aggressive herbivores.
朋友和伴侣现在是简单的选择，但当你与狼、熊、敌对的狩猎队和巨大的攻击性草食动物共享狩猎场时，就不是这样了。
it offered more reward though. if it did not they never would have moved to farming. also it was safer
但它提供了更多的回报。如果不是这样的话，他们就永远不会去务农了。而且它也更安全
yes, the areas like the steps and the forests of north america were more advantageous for hunting, while the banks of rivers in Asia Europe, and the Nile, were better for farming
是的，北美的太阳强度和森林等地区更适合狩猎，而亚洲、欧洲和尼罗河的河岸更适合耕种。
early farming was very monoculturistic though, thats why the cradel of civilization are located in semi arid regions because there wouldnt have been no need to farm in abundant areas.
尽管早期的农业是非常单一的文化，但是为什么文明的发源地位于半干旱地区，那是因为在富饶的地区不需要耕种。
The differences between agricultural and hunter gatherer societies are even apparent in their remains with the remains of agriculure based societies having a generally smaller stature and smaller bones than hunter gatherers. at least in early agriculture.
农业社会和狩猎采集社会之间的差异在他们的遗骸上也很明显，以农业为基础的社会遗骸通常比狩猎采集人的身材和骨骼更小。至少在早期农业中是这样。
I believe agriculture was a necessity that eventually became a norm once the regions dried up and wild food sources dwindled
我相信，农业是一种必需品，一旦这些地区干涸，野生食物来源减少，农业最终就会成为一种常态。
it is also good to add that having a farming based society takes a certain population to accomplish, because you need people to farm, protect the farms, as farming gets more complicated, build irrigation and build plows. so farming is required for complex society in my opinion
还有一点很好的补充，建立一个以农业为基础的社会需要一定的人口来完成，因为你需要人来耕种，保护农场，因为农业变得更加复杂，建造灌溉和犁地。所以在我看来，复杂的社会需要农业。
It helps to understand that if you take a look at non domesticated species of our domesticated plants their yields are tiny because we've bred them for a long time and all our crops have evolved into plants that give big yields, after all in the wild it'd make no sense for a plant to put all of its energy into making fruit it only needs just enough to bait animals into spreading its seeds.
这有助于理解，如果你看我们驯养植物的那些非驯养物种，它们的产量很小，由于我们培育了很长时间，我们所有的作物都进化成了高产的植物，毕竟在野外，一种植物把所有的能量都花在结果实上是没有意义的，它只需要足够的诱饵来诱使动物传播它的种子。
The first farmers would have done backbreaking work with inferior tools only to get very small rewards from plants that give much smaller amounts of food. Imagine how hard farming would be without machines, then imagine farming without even steel tools and after all that the food you get is tiny!
最初的农民会用劣质的工具做繁重的工作，只能从提供少得多食物的植物那里得到很小的回报。想象一下没有机器耕种会有多难，然后想象一下没有钢铁工具的耕作会有多难，毕竟你得到的食物是很少的！
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
imagine doing that everyday with really and I mean really primitive tools for the rest of your life, not so easy anymore huh?
想象一下，在你的余生里，每天都用非常原始的工具来做这件事，不再那么容易了，是不是？
you think the tools were that primitive? You think just because they lived a hunter gatherer lifestye that no decent amount of craftsmanship could be achieved. Didn't they find huge intricate statues somewhere from the paleolithic era?
你觉得这些工具有那么原始吗？你认为仅仅因为他们过着狩猎采集的生活方式，就没有什么像样的手工艺可以去做。人们不是在某个地方发现了来自旧石器时代的巨大而错综复杂的雕像吗？
This shows advanced cooperation and enough spare time to actually build something else instead of just focussing on survival. And this was pre agriculture.
这显示了高级的合作和足够的空闲时间来切实地建造其他东西，而不仅是专注于生存。这就是前农业时代。
Its not like you have to go hunt for meat every single day. As mentioned, taking 4-5 hours of your day to gather a bit will be more than sufficient to supply a tribe. Not to mention most of the tribe members all contribute to the community. The daily hikes for "work" can also be an activity of leisure.
这并不是说你每天都要去打猎。如前所述，每天花4-5个小时收集一点就足以满足一个部落的需求了。更不用说大多数部落成员都为团体做出了贡献。每天“工作”的徒步旅行也可以是一种休闲活动。
especially adolescents will be delightted to roam around and prove their worth by competition though kills or gathering berries.
尤其是青少年会乐于四处游荡，通过杀戮或采摘浆果来证明自己的价值。
Farmers actually had shorter lives, then hunter gathering, because they had a worse food sextion.
实际上，农民的寿命比猎人聚集的寿命短，因为他们的食物选择更差。
a lot of the time they are actually correct though, and people just don’t listen and keep moving endlessly forward until they exhaust themselves and look back on their lives and realize, oh shit I was wrong. That’s the sad part of it, we think they are just old crotchety people, but they are wishing they listened to their elders earlier and then we grow up and wish the same thing. It’s maybe even set up that way to teach us to appreciate things in life because it’s so easy to take things for granted but there is such a tremendous price to pay for it.
实际上，很多时候他们是正确的，人们就是不听，一直往前走，直到他们筋疲力尽，回顾自己的生活，意识到，哦，该死的，我错了。这就是可悲的地方，我们认为他们只是些脾气暴躁的老人，但他们希望自己可以早点听长辈的话，然后我们长大后也会有同样的愿望。这可能是为了教我们鉴别生活中的事情，因为我们很容易认为一些事情是理所当然的，但却要为此付出巨大的代价。
100% that happened... "Back in my day we had to fight for ever bite of food we had"
100%的事情发生了...”在我那个时代，我们不得不为每一口食物而战。”
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
How could we all have specialised jobs if wed have to hunt all day for survival.
如果我们必须整天打猎以求生存，那我们怎可能都有专门的工作呢？
Farming sucked people didn't have enoigh protein during that time
在那个时期，种地的人没有足够的蛋白质
is it. Hunter gatherers had to gather most of the day and sometimes hunt for days. None of those high effort activities created any surplus. Farming on the other hand created surplus.
是吗。狩猎采集者一天中的大部分时间都必须聚集在一起，有时还要狩猎几天。所有这些高强度的活动都没有产生任何盈余。另一方面，农业创造了盈余。
on average it has been found that the typical hunter gatherer tribe works for 4 hours in a day. Also you'll be surprised how much from your surroundings are edible. And how much of those activities counted as leisure. As kids we used to go around the village to the various fruit trees around and had fun climbing and eating the fruits.
人们发现，典型的狩猎采集部落平均每天工作4个小时。你还会惊讶地发现，你的周围有多少东西是可以食用的，这些活动中有多少可以被当作休闲的。当我们还是孩子的时候，经常在村子里到处跑，去附近的各种果树那里，爬树，吃水果，玩得很开心。
we caught enough fish to eat for lunch without using nets. Also wild birds were caught quite often as well. But it depends on the environment, that's why I belive agriculture came to be in dryer areas.
我们捕到了足够的鱼作为午餐，而不用网。此外，野鸟也经常被捕获。但这取决于环境，这就是为什么我相信农业是在干旱地区出现的。
be a animal yourself...sorry... all predators except humans body is designed to eat only meat but humans have a choice well if I say your father was a thief will you become one you have a choice and finally DNA doesn't work like you think it dose not store memory it stores mutations. Don't confuse others.
你自己做个动物吧...抱歉..。除了人类以外，所有的食肉动物的身体记忆都是只吃肉的，但是人类是有选择的，如果我说你父亲是个小偷，你会成为一个贼吗？你可以选择，最后，DNA不会像你认为的那样工作，它不会储存记忆，只会储存突变。不要把别人搞糊涂了。
you have the choice now, but its a more unnatural choice. A homo sapien in it's natural habitiat will have a hard time taking substinence from just vegetation since we are limited in what we can digest. We can however digest other animals that have already processed the energy from the primary producers in their tissues, which per unit, provides more energy than vegetation. serves as better fuel for animals higher in the food chain.
你现在有选择，但这是一个更不自然的选择。在自然栖息地的智人很难从植被中获取足够的物质，因为我们的消化能力有限。然而，我们可以消化其他动物，这些动物已经在它们的组织中处理了来自初级生产者的能量，他们能提供的单位能量比植物的更多，为食物链较高的动物提供了更好的能源。
I think the moral dilemma lies with the treatment in animals in commercial settings. But I don't think theres a moral dilemma in eating other complex animals for food. I am specifically saying that "murder" to sustain oneself is okay since, contrary to the perception of most people, we are still very much part of the food chain. It's an arrogant assumption to assume otherwise. Making it fair to eat but also to be eaten. One complex being with all its experiences seizes to be, but in turn sustaining another. Molecules sustaining other molecules. Matter and energy transform.
我认为道德上的两难在于商业环境中的动物治疗，而不是以其它复杂动物作为食物。我明确地说，“谋杀”来维持自己是可以的，与大多数人的看法相反，我们仍然是食物链的重要组成部分。如果你不这么认为，那就太傲慢了。让吃的公平，也让被吃的公平。一个拥有所有经验的复杂存在抓住了它，但反过来又维持着另一个。分子维持其他的分子，物质和能量之间相互转换。
But one thing I can agree on, is that there is an overconsumption problem and I am very against Industrialization of slaughter.
但有一点我可以同意，那就是存在过度消费的问题，我非常反对工业化屠宰。
A lot of people will die yes, our numbers are not sustainable for that lifestyle. But with proper numbers it is gonna be a mundane and even enjoyable experience.
很多人都会死的，我们人类的数量对于这种生活方式来说是不足可支撑的。但是有了合适的人类数量，这将是一次平凡甚至愉快的经历。
no humans are better at digesting plants than meat.
人类在消化植物上比消化肉类更好。
that may be true but that doesn't mean we aren't omnivores, afterall Pandas have guts suited to eat more varied things and even meat but they still eat bamboo.
这可能是真的，但这并不意味我们不是杂食动物，毕竟熊猫的肠胃适合去吃更多样化的东西，甚至是肉类，但它们仍然吃竹子。
Also we have evolved from herbivorous/ omnivorous apes but Homo Erectus still put in the effort to use tools for procurement of meat. Very evident in Homo Heidelbergensis up to Neanderthalensia and Sapiens considering the species mentioned fashioned spears specifically to be used to hunt other animals.
此外，我们已经从食草/杂食性类人猿进化而来，但直立人仍然努力使用工具获取肉类。在海德堡人到尼安德特人和智人中非常明显，就所提到的物种而论，他们制造的矛专门用来狩猎其他动物。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Our guts have not needed to adjust for higher meat consumption because we tamed fire early on, starting with Homo Erectus. Thus our development and evolution went hand in hand with fire and the spear.
我们的肠胃不需要适应更高的肉类消耗，因为我们很早就驯服了火，从直立人开始。因此，我们的发展和进化与火和矛是齐头并进的。
Added to that tradition herbivores also consume meat from time to time as a source of calcium, among other things, with even deer going out of their way to pursue small mammals.
除此之外，食草动物还会不时地吃一些肉作为钙的来源，甚至鹿也会不遗余力地追逐小型哺乳动物。
Horses have been observed to do this too and it's not a case of accidentally eating an animal while grazing.
据观察，马也会这样做，这不是放牧时不小心吃掉动物的案例。
So basically having a gut made for herbivorous diets does not restrict a species from eating only vegetation
所以基本上，有一个为食草动物的饮食而生的肠胃并不会限制一个物种只吃植物
yea i agree but do you know why horses eat them they eat to gain some vital protiens same for cat which eat grass (mainly for digestive issues)also but the problem is they eated it which their body needed .We are just eating too much which our body does not need and which is not even taken up by our digestion 25g meat content including liver is enough for our body requirement for 6 months excluding fish which may vary from person to person .I agree that humans do not have the ability to recognise their needs but science have given them the comandments.there are still people who eat 1kg meat a day . .
是的，我同意，但是你知道为什么马吃它们吗？吃它们是为了获得一些重要的蛋白质，对于吃草的猫来说也是一样的(主要是为了消化问题),但问题是它们吃的正是它们身体需要的。我们人类吃了太多我们的身体不需要的东西，甚至没有被我们消化吸收。25克的肉类含量，包括肝脏，是足以满足我们身体6个月的需求，不包括鱼，鱼可能因人而异。我同意人类没有能力认识到他们的需求，但是科学已经给了他们这些需求的标准。然而依旧有人每天吃1公斤肉。
yeah the majority of people don't eat meat responsibly, I agree. And we eat too much meat. But I think radical veganism is not the way to go but I appreciate that they're around because they do actually bring down irresponsible meat production somewhat.
是的，我同意，大多数人是无责任感地吃肉。我们吃太多肉了。但我认为激进的纯素食主义不是出路，我确实很欣赏他们的存在，因为他们确实在某种程度上降低了无责任感的肉类生产。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
we occasionally do need some meat, and when were already consuming it, why not enjoy it am i right?
我们偶尔确实需要一些肉，当我们已经在吃它的时候，为什么不享受它呢，我说的对吗？
I find veganism tend to have quite the unhealthy amount of grain in their diet and there isn't really any limit on sugar but I guess all diets have their downsides.
我发现素食主义倾向于在他们的饮食中加入相当多的不健康的谷物，而且对糖也没有任何限制，我想所有的饮食都有其不利的一面。
I don't get it farming why farming was a good idea to our ancestors, working hard and dying from diseases doesn't sounds great. Liberty of gathering and hunting is more convincible
我不明白为什么农业对我们的祖先来说是一个好主意，努力工作和死于疾病听起来并不伟大。采集和狩猎的自由反而更有说服力
Early farming societies did both. It wasn't a sudden changeover...
早期的农业社会两者兼而有之。这不是一个突然的转变...
it’s weird that for all of human history humanity was pretty static until the early 1900s
奇怪的是，在整个人类历史上，直到20世纪初，人类的发展都是相当停滞的
Fun fact! There is evidence in the archeological record that says there was quite a bit of conflict between hunter gatherers, pastoralists, and agriculturalists.
They generally had strife over land resources, and largely the agricultural people won out because of their more consistent food supply and ability to maintain larger populations.
有趣的事实！考古记录中有证据表明，狩猎采集者、牧民和农学家之间有相当多的冲突。
他们通常会在土地资源上发生冲突，主要是农业人口获胜，因为他们的食物供应更稳定，有能力维持更多的人口。
Don't know if someone already mentioned it but I remember reading an article that mentioned alcohol may have been first brewed as a way of coping with the hard labour of farming.
我不知道是否有人已经提到过它，但我记得我读过一篇文章，里面提到酒可能是作为一种与农业的辛勤劳动相配合的方式而首先酿造的。
Hunting/ Gathering generally takes 4 hours in a day in modern tribal societies. Once you have killed an animal you take it back and share among the tribe. Bigger animals last days.
在现代部落社会中，狩猎/采集通常一天需要4个小时。一旦你杀了一只动物，你就把它带回去，在部落中分享。更大的动物会持续几天。
Also nutrient intake of hunter gatherers are better generally. This is evidenced by hunter gatherer remains being bigger and more robust than the remains of agricultural societies. This is one of the telltale signs that archeologists can differentiate human remains among other things.
狩猎采集者的营养摄入也普遍较好。这一点可以从狩猎采集者的遗骸比农业社会的遗骸更大、更健壮得到证明。这是考古学家能够在其他东西中区分人类遗骸的迹象之一。
Being in a tropical area, it's also easy to get fruits from the forest. Kids are usually the ones who go gather the fruits.
在热带地区，也很容易从森林中获得水果。孩子们通常是去摘水果的人。
It's short for, people living in metropolises should go for a more plant based diet because industrial meat industry is unsustainable for a large proportion of the population.
简而言之，生活在大都市的人更应该选择以植物为基础的饮食，因为工业肉类产业对大部分人口来说是不可持续的。
They probably weren't as narcissistic as the older generations we have too deal with today. Their kids had access too better stuff .
他们可能不像我们今天面对的老一代人那样自恋。他们的孩子可以接触到更好的东西。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
When i was your age, i didn't grow food; i CHASED food.
当我像你这么大的时候，我不种植食物；我追逐食物。
just little sad that they can't appreciate how far we came and what we went through
只是有点难过，他们不能理解我们走了多远，经历了什么
That quote. "I'm out" changed the world incredibly
这句名言，”我出局了“令人难以置信地改变了世界
the "god" of Evolution which created Material from nothing - violating 1st law of Thermodynamic, which created live from death material violating Law of chemistri Biogenesis. Which created perfect order, balance and harmony from Big Explosion, is in it fascinating?
进化论的“上帝”从无中创造了材料，违反了热力学第一定律，从死亡中创造了生命，违反了化学生物发生定律。从大爆炸中创造了完美的秩序、平衡和和谐，这很迷人吗?
maybe this is why he builds things so awsome, maybe because the world changed, from just a planet with a few trees and water slapped into it, to a planet that has 7.4 billion humans, how they build mega structures, how we make things in general, and more...
也许这就是为什么他建造了如此令人敬畏的东西，也许是因为世界发生了变化，从一个只有几棵树和水的星球，变成了一个拥有74亿人口的星球，他们是如何建造巨型建筑的，我们一般是如何制造东西的，等等……
My ancestor: my best skill is being able to work together with my tribe to kill animals that could be a threat to my family
Me: I can't even go into a shop without having an anxiety attack
我的祖先: 我最擅长的技能是能够和我的部落一起杀死可能威胁到我家人的动物
我: 我一走进商店就会感到焦虑
You are a testament to the wondrous success of our species. That crippling anxiety isn't a sextive pressure .
你证明了我们这个物种惊人的成功。这种极度焦虑不是一种选择性压力。
That was a joke, even if people struggle to eat today ,a lot of people in cities complain about things even after their easy life. Compared to the Stone Age our living standards are much better, that was my point.
那是一个笑话，即使有人在今天吃不饱，许多在城市中过上安逸生活的人还在抱怨一些事情。与石器时代相比，我们的生活水平要好得多，这是我的观点。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I think it's a product of being comfortable all the time, all the people I know who work more often especially manual labor have less anxiety. We just live in a world that tends to our pleasures and not our hardships. It's a give and take though, life is less scary than ever but more depressing than ever
我觉得焦虑是一种长期舒适的产物，所有我认识人中工作更多的，尤其是体力劳动的，会有更少的焦虑。我们只是生活在一个倾向于快乐而不是痛苦的世界里。它有给予和接受，生活比以往任何时候都不可怕，但比以往任何时候都更令人沮丧
As someone with a nasty anxiety disorder I can say that there is possibly some truth to what you are saying. I live an extremely comfortable life, even by todays standards. I find that physical activity, such as working outside, or even just being outside improves my condition somewhat.
作为一个患有严重焦虑症的人，我可以说你所说的可能有些道理。即使以今天的标准来看，我也是过着极其舒适的生活。我发现身体的活动，比如在外面工作，甚至只是在外面，都会在一定程度上改善我的状况。
The summer I worked for my grandfather almost every day in blistering heat doing tedious and difficult labor was probably the happiest period of my life. I often wonder if Biology is at play, rejecting the easy lifestyle I desperately try to live. Been trying to get more active lately on that basis.
那个夏天，我几乎每天都在酷热中为祖父工作，做着繁琐而艰难的劳动，这可能是我一生中最快乐的时光。我经常想是不是生理因素在起作用，拒绝了我拼命想要过的轻松生活方式。在此基础上，我最近一直在努力活跃起来。
the body isn't made to be still that plus overthinking bcause you've got no real tasks to do must cause the body to subconsciously think you're trapped or something. Id recommend taking hikes. However I hope you get better bro
因为你没有真正的任务要做，而身体不是静止的，再加上过度思考，一定会导致身体下意识地认为你被困住了。我建议去远足，希望你变得更好，兄弟
You're the same as every other animal. Imagine the anxiety a bird would feel if it wasn't allowed to fly.
你和其他动物一样。想象一下，如果一只鸟不被允许飞行，它会感到多么焦虑。
Fun fact, even after 4000+ years of civilization, there are still uncolonized tribes, who haven’t even heard of the rest of the world
有趣的是，即使在4000多年的文明之后，仍然有一些未被殖民的部落，他们甚至没有听说过世界上的其他地方
One interesting thing to remember is, despite being isolated from bigger human society for thousands of years, evolution still happened more or less the same way to all us. Those isolated people still evolved to look similar to us and they have more or less the same mental and physical abilities like us.
需要记住的一件有趣的事情是，尽管与更大的人类社会隔绝了数千年，进化仍然或多或少地以同样的方式发生在我们所有人身上。那些与世隔绝的人仍然进化成与我们相似的样子，他们的智力和身体能力或多或少与我们大致相同。
but you can definitely tell where people’s evolutions changed, but for the most part due to humans sticking to familiar practices, evolution of culture and hunting strategies was slow, and spread faster than it changed, so likely that lead to evolution more or less being the same in most aspects
但你可以肯定地说，人们的进化在哪里发生了变化，但在很大程度上，由于人类坚持相似的做法，文化和狩猎策略的进化是缓慢的，传播的速度比它改变的速度更快，所以很可能导致进化在大多数方面或多或少是相同的
Do you mind listing few? I am curious and please make sure they are real and you can provide some proofs.
你介意列出几个吗？我很好奇，请确保它们是真实的，并且你能提供一些证据。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Sentinelese people. They live on North Sentinel island in the Bay of Bengal. The Indian government prohibits any travel to this island and the tribe living there are protected. This is mainly because of their violent reactions whenever someone tried to establish contact with them. In order to keep them safe from our diseases and risk their extinction, the government decided to just let them be.
森蒂纳尔人，他们生活在孟加拉湾的北森蒂纳尔岛上。印度政府禁止任何人前往该岛，居住在那里的部落受到保护。这主要是因为每当有人试图与他们建立联系时，他们就会做出激烈的反应。为了保护他们免受我们疾病的侵袭，并冒着灭绝的风险，政府决定让它们自生自灭。
It's illegal to fish or sail within 5 nautical miles of that island. Though there is no proof of the Sentinelese being cannibals, you better not go there if you have a will to live.
The Sentinelese have been isolated from the rest of the world for more than 50,000 years now. I have travelled to Andaman and Nicobar islands which are closest civilized places to the north sentinel island. I was fascinated to learn about the Sentinelese when I was in Andaman. You should definitely look it up.
在该岛5海里范围内捕鱼或航行是违法的。虽然没有证据表明森蒂纳尔人是食人族，但如果你想活下去，最好不要去那里。森蒂纳尔人与世界其他地方隔绝已有5万多年了。我去过安达曼岛和尼科巴岛，这两个岛是离北森蒂纳尔岛最近的文明之地。当我在安达曼的时候，我对了解森蒂纳尔人非常着迷。你绝对应该去查一查。
"Today we live in the most advanced civilization humans have ever known" Funny how all generations could have said that at one point.
“今天，我们生活在人类所知的最先进的文明中”，有趣的是，所有世代都会说这样的话。
I think there was a moment when lots of human knowledge was lost, so not all generations.
我认为有那么一个时刻，人类的很多知识都丢失了，所以不是所有世代。
That's because every generation builds upon the last generations knowledge.
这是因为每一代人都建立在上一代人知识的基础上。
"Civilization" is a roller-coaster: knowledge and its applications (engineering, architecture, transportation, food production, art/jewellry, clothing etc) reaches a high, then catastrophe or barbarians or decadence or religious zealots tear it down and it has to start uphill again. The Minoans for example, had a WONDERFUL civilization going but then a bunch of stuff happened around 1700 b.c. and it was well over a thousand years before the Greeks again reached where they had been.
“文明”是一场过山车：知识及其应用(工程、建筑、交通、食品生产、艺术/珠宝、服装等)达到顶峰，然后灾难或野蛮人或颓废或宗教狂热分子将其推倒，它不得不重新开始。以米诺斯文明为例，他们曾有过辉煌的文明，但在公元前1700年左右发生了一系列的事情，希腊人又过了一千年才再次到达他们曾经去过的地方。
Then the Romans built upon the Greek knowledge base until their civilization (well in the west at least) crumbled. It took another thousand years for Europeans to shake off the anti-science crap of the RC and Orthodox chuches, and the roller-coaster went up again, to where it is now. OUR civilization may yet come crashing down around us, and it may require another thousand years to claw back to where we were when it collapsed....
然后罗马人在希腊的知识基础上建立起来，直到他们的文明(至少在西方)崩溃。欧洲人又花了一千年的时间才摆脱了天主教和东正教教会的反科学胡扯，过山车又一次上升到现在的位置。我们的文明可能会在我们周围崩溃，可能需要另一千年的时间才能回到它崩溃时的位置....
And funny how in all generations, there were peoples who said "It was better before, today is decadent"
有趣的是，世世代代都有人说“以前更好，今天是颓废的”。
i think it means more like this civilization is the starting point of everything that will happen in the future..
我想这更像是说这个文明是未来一切的起点。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Well yeah and its actually true for every generation who said that. we havent found a way to predict the future still in order to compare with future generations.
嗯，是的，这对每一代这样说的人来说都是真的。我们还没有找到一种方法来预测未来，以便与子孙后代进行比较。
An example would be the Bronze Age collapse when the sea people invasion, climate change and societal failure destroyed entire civilizations and cultures. Or the transition from the classical era to the early medi era where writing became rare and expensive, literacy went downhill, scientific progress largely stops, and kingdoms fell to barbarism.
一个例子是青铜时代的崩溃，当时海人入侵、气候变化和社会失败摧毁了整个文明和文化。或者从古典时代到中世纪早期的过渡，在那里书写变得稀有和昂贵，识字能力每况愈下，科学进步基本上停止，王国陷入野蛮状态。
Culture and science are consistently advancing only from the Early Modern period imo.
我认为，文化和科学只是从近代早期开始不断进步的。
In the medi age the human civilization flourished in the Middle-East and Asia. Preserved the roman's knowledge and developed Maths (Algebra, trigonometry...), Chemistry etc. Without that period we maybe be living the beginning of The Industrial Revolution now if we are lucky. so it's still true.
中世纪，人类文明在中东和亚洲蓬勃发展。保存了罗马人的知识，发展了数学(代数、三角……)、化学等。如果没有那个时期并且我们是幸运的话，我们现在可能生活在工业革命的开端。所以这仍然是真的。
The funny thing is at school nobody would pay attention to these explanations.
有趣的是，在学校里没有人会注意这些解释。
“Yesterday is history, tomorrow is mystery, but today is a gift, that’s why it’s called present”
“昨天已成历史，明天仍未可知，但今天是上天赐予的礼物，这就是为什么它被称为”现在“的原因。”
I love humanity history. It always reminds me how far we’ve come as a species.
我热爱人类历史。它总是提醒我，作为一个物种，我们已经走了多远。
Do a future of humanity video, that’d be wild! Just thinking from this perspective on life has blown my mind about how humans evolve.
拍一部人类未来的视频，那就太疯狂了！仅仅是从这个角度思考生命，就让我对人类是如何进化的感到头晕目眩。
"Today we live in the most prosperous age humanity has ever experienced"
me: I bet every stage in humanity said that.
“今天我们生活在人类所经历过的最繁荣的时代”
我：我打赌人类的每一个阶段都会这么说。
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