电动汽车的繁荣推动中国汽车出口飙升
2023-01-17 后羿A射日 14842
正文翻译

Despite being a huge manufacturing country – the biggest in the world, in fact – until recently, China has not been on the radar when it comes to car manufacturing. Chinese automakers have never gained global attention for their high-quality petrol or diesel cars, with other U.S., European or Asian automakers proving more popular. However, as China takes the lead on renewable energy operations, the country is heavily focused on electric vehicles (EVs), with the government and private firms pumping billions into research and development.

尽管中国是制造业大国,事实上是世界上最大的制造业国家,但直到最近,中国在汽车制造方面一直都没有受到关注。中国汽车制造商从未因高质量的汽油或柴油汽车而获得全球关注,相比来说美国、欧洲或亚洲的其他汽车制造商更受欢迎。然而,随着中国在可再生能源运营方面处于领先地位,该国高度关注电动汽车,政府和私营企业投入数十亿美元进行研发。

China accounts for around 28.7 percent of the global manufacturing output, followed by the U.S., at 16.8 percent. And yet, most people worldwide are far more aware of American car brands, with the U.S. earning $47.6 billion in car exports in 2020. But China is no longer focused on expanding its internal combustion engine (ICE) car market, as it directs its attention to EVs. Long before many other cities, in 2017, Beijing announced plans to ban the use of new ICE taxis, instead requiring any new taxi to be run on an electric battery, at an expected cost of $1.3 billion for the total conversion. This is not surprising considering that China has led the way in several types of green energy and related technologies, despite its continual reliance on fossil fuels for its domestic energy demand. And this is just one of the hundreds of initiatives that have given way to the rise of EVs.

中国约占全球制造业产出的28.7%,其次是美国,占16.8%。然而,世界上大多数人对美国汽车品牌的了解程度要高得多,2020年美国汽车出口收入为476亿美元。但中国不再专注于扩大内燃机汽车市场,而是将注意力转向电动汽车。早在许多城市之前,北京在2017年就宣布计划禁止使用新内燃机出租车,要求所有新出租车使用电动电池,预计总转换成本为13亿美元。尽管中国能源需求持续依赖化石燃料,但是考虑到中国在几种绿色能源和相关技术方面处于领先地位,这么做并不奇怪。这只是中国采取的许多举措之一,而这些举措带动了中国电动汽车制造业的崛起。

Several EV manufacturers have boomed in China in recent years, with around 450 EV makers registered. By mid-2022, the four biggest included BYD, valued at $149 billion, with a 27.9 percent market share, SGMW with a 10.1 percent share, Chery at 4.9 percent, and GAC with a share of 4.2 percent. The EV and hybrid manufacturer BYD has attracted greater attention in recent years, as the world’s biggest EV producer, overtaking Tesla to claim the title in July 2022. Warren Buffet is among its famous investors. BYD now plans to launch three new EV models in Europe in competition with some of Europe’s most prominent automakers’ offerings.

近年来,几家电动汽车制造商在中国蓬勃发展,注册成立的电动汽车制造商约有450家。到2022年年中,中国四家最大的汽车制造商分别是市值1490亿美元的比亚迪,市场份额为27.9%;市场份额10.1%的上汽通用五菱,市场份额4.9%的奇瑞,以及市场份额4.2%的广汽。电动汽车和混合动力汽车制造商比亚迪近年来吸引了更多的关注,2022年7月比亚迪超过特斯拉,夺得世界最大电动汽车制造商的头衔。沃伦·巴菲特是该公司著名的投资者之一。比亚迪目前计划在欧洲推出三款新的电动汽车车型,与欧洲一些最知名的汽车制造商展开竞争。

Despite the lack of global awareness of Chinese car brands, China overtook Germany to become the world’s second-largest car exporter in 2022, shipping 2.6 million vehicles in the first 10 months of the year. This has been supported by investments from the major automakers in their own ships, to transport their cars from China to other markets. BYD ordered six ships in October at a cost of $710 million, with a capacity for 7,700 cars. Meanwhile, state-owned SAIC Motor Corp. intends to purchase seven new ships to transport 8.900 vehicles.

尽管中国汽车品牌缺乏全球知名度,但中国在2022年超过德国成为世界第二大汽车出口国,今年前10个月的汽车出货量为260万辆。主要汽车制造商都在投资建造自己的船,将汽车从中国运往其他市场。比亚迪去年10月斥资7.1亿美元订购了6艘船,这些船可以装载7700辆汽车。与此同时,国有企业上汽集团计划购买7艘新船运输8,900辆汽车。

China’s biggest car export markets in the past have been concentrated in Africa and the Middle East. However, thanks to the rise of its EVs, it is beginning to develop export markets in North America and Europe, offering higher-end options than previously available from the Chinese market. In the first half of 2022, Western Europe accounted for around 34 percent of China’s passenger vehicle exports, with Belgium as the biggest importer. This is a trend that is set to continue as the global EV market continues to expand – with Europe leading this growth.

过去,中国最大的汽车出口市场集中在非洲和中东。而现在由于电动汽车的崛起,中国汽车开始开拓北美和欧洲市场,为中国提供了更加高端的市场选择。2022年上半年,西欧市场占中国乘用车出口的34%左右,比利时是最大的进口国。随着全球电动汽车市场的不断扩大,这一趋势将继续下去——而欧洲将引领这一增长。

With Chinese automakers having risen to compete with the likes of Tesla in recent years in China, many of these manufacturers believe they can compete with other major car makers such as Volkswagen and BMW, which have only just begun their foray into EV development. Most European automakers continue to manufacture ICE vehicles, with strong demand for fossil fuel-powered cars expected to continue until city and country bans come into place, starting in 2030. This means that very few car makers are focusing solely on the development of their EV models and markets. By comparison, heavy subsidies from the Chinese government have made it possible for Chinese EV manufacturers to emerge quickly and become highly competitive with foreign rivals.

近年来,随着中国汽车制造商崛起,并与特斯拉等公司展开竞争,许多中国汽车制造商相信,他们可以与大众和宝马等大型汽车制造商一争高下。而这两家车企刚刚开始涉足电动汽车。大多数欧洲汽车制造商将继续生产内燃机汽车,预计在城市和国家从2030年开始实施禁令前,化石燃料汽车的强劲需求仍将持续。这意味着,很少有汽车制造商只专注于电动汽车车型和市场的开发。相比之下,中国政府的大量补贴使中国电动汽车制造商得以迅速崛起,并与外国对手展开强有力的竞争。

And while European manufacturers have the advantage of close access to the European market, as does Tesla thanks to its first European factory in Berlin, China is a manufacturing giant when it comes to electric batteries – providing around 75 percent of the world’s total – and other EV components. It is also the biggest lithium producer in the world, offering around 60 percent of the world’s lithium – a vital component in electric battery manufacturing.

尽管欧洲制造商在欧洲市场近水楼台,就像特斯拉在柏林的第一家欧洲工厂一样,但在电池和其他电动汽车零部件方面,中国仍旧是制造巨头(占世界总量的75%左右)。中国也是世界最大的锂生产国,提供了世界上大约60%的锂,锂是电动电池制造的重要组成部分。

Recent estimates from Fitch Solutions suggest that the share of Europe’s EV market from Chinese automakers could increase to 15 percent in 2025, from around 5 percent in 2022. This is largely thanks to their low-price offerings, which many European manufacturers simply cannot compete with. But can this boom last? Ana Nicholls, director of industry analysis at the Economist Intelligence Unit, explains: “It's hard to see how the EV market can carry on expanding at quite this rate in the future.” And other Asian, European, and North American automakers are rapidly rising to compete with major EV makers, with plans to release several new EV models in the coming years. As demand rises, so will supply, and competition will become fiercer. But, for now, China looks likely to lead the way in the EV market in the coming years.

惠誉解决方案最近的估计显示,中国汽车制造商在欧洲电动汽车市场的份额可能从2022年的5%左右增加到2025年的15%。这在很大程度上要归功于中国的低价产品,许多欧洲制造商根本无法与之竞争。但这种繁荣能持续下去吗?经济学人智库行业分析主管安娜·尼科尔斯解释说:“很难想象未来电动汽车市场如何以这样的速度继续扩张。”其他亚洲、欧洲和北美的汽车制造商正也迅速崛起,与主要的电动汽车制造商竞争,并计划在未来几年推出几款新的电动汽车车型。随着需求的增加,供给也会增加,竞争也会变得更加激烈。但就目前而言,中国很可能在未来几年引领电动汽车市场。

评论翻译
Just Me
I am looking forward to read news about sudden explosion of Chinese EV cars on the roads everywhere in the world.

希望看到中国电动汽车在世界各地突然bz的新闻。

i
Like Tesla cars?

就像特斯拉汽车一样?

500Amp
What's the rush to show everyone your sick mind?

为什么这么着急地向大家展示你脑子有病呢?

Sharon
What an evil person you are!

你真是个邪恶的人!

Mao
Highly unlikely. BYD blade battery will not explode even when puncture.

几乎不可能。比亚迪刀片电池即使被刺穿也不会爆炸。

Jim
Win-win!

双赢!

Steven
The Chinese are way ahead in EVs. MAGA regard that as a good thing.

中国人在电动汽车方面遥遥领先。”让美国再次伟大”认为这是好事。

N/a
because they are cheap....china's strategy...and it is working.

因为价格很便宜....中国的战略……正在起作用。

J
it is VALUE! smart people buy VALUE!

这就是价值!聪明的人买有价值的东西!

J
the west will fabricate some story to ban Chinese EVs, can't compete, ban them, declare national security, kidnap their CEO...

西方会编造一些故事来禁止中国电动汽车,竞争不过就禁止,宣称为了国家安全,绑架他们的CEO…

MCC
EV cars from China will be another national security threat to the paranoid US politicians. It will never allow Chinese EV into US.

对于偏执的美国政客来说,中国电动汽车将成为另一个国家安全威胁。永远不会允许中国电动汽车进入美国。

SCV
It's a shame that US and the West are going to try to politicize everything in trade with China by calling it a security threat instead of looking at it as making people life better off and changing the global climate as we speak because global warming is wreaking havoc year after year with drought, hurricane, storm, fire and ice killing and displacing millions. There's no better urgent time to go GREEN.

令人遗憾的是,美国和西方试图将一切对华贸易政治化,称其是安全威胁,而不是将其视为给改善人们生活,改变全球气候的机遇,全球变暖正在不断地造成严重破坏。干旱、飓风、风暴、火灾和冰火造成数百万人死亡和流离失所。没有比绿色发展更紧迫的事情了。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Citizen
China opens a new coal plant for electricity every 3-4 days. There is nothing green about that.

中国每3-4天就会新建一座燃煤电厂。这一点也不环保。(译注:仅为网友说法,以国内报道为准)

Alex
Another disinformation....any data to back your claim ?

另一个谣言……你的说法有数据支持吗?

Randy
Looks like the trade war couldn't whack them

看来贸易战并没有击倒他们。

Keep it Real
Meanwhile some Americans would love to see Tesla( the only manufacturing success in decades) fail because they don’t like Musk. Who gives a s…. about the CEO. VW was created by Hitler.

与此同时,一些美国人希望看到特斯拉(几十年来唯一成功的制造业)失败,因为他们不喜欢马斯克。而马斯克却是特斯拉的CEO。大众还是希特勒创建的呢。

Chuck K
Tesla helped the communist Chinese rip off US EV techs

特斯拉帮助中国oo美国的电动汽车技术

Mao
Telsa tech is open source. That mean is free for anyone to use.

特斯拉的技术是开源的。这意味着任何人都可以免费使用。

Darude
oh for christ's sake, here we go again.

老天爷呀,又来了。

Farooq
We have a problem. We cannot compete so we try to sabotage others so they do not look better. I do not understand who buys US automobiles. I am an automotive engineer and know it for a fact that our vehicles lack in longevity. While Toyotas, Hondas, Mercedes, last 300,000 to 500,000 miles, our vehicle crap out at between 135,000 to 155,000 miles when the engine and transmission all breakdown. The Chinese have been buying most of our vehicles and the Arab countries have been importing them too. But our vehicles use cheap and imitation materials and are mostly gaudy. I have driven extensively in Europe and I have hardly eve seen a US made car in the left lane of an autobahn.

我们遇到麻烦了。竞争不过就搞破坏,让他们也别想好过。搞不清楚还有谁在买美国汽车。我是一名汽车工程师,我很清楚美国汽车寿命很短。丰田、本田、奔驰能跑30万到50万英里,而我们的车跑13.5万到15.5万英里,发动机和变速器就废了。美国大部分汽车一直都是中国人在买,阿拉伯国家也在进口。但我们的汽车使用的是廉价的仿制材料,而且大多都华而不实。我在欧洲经常开车,可是在高速公路的对面车道几乎没见过美国制造的汽车。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


joseph
Look at China go. You really have to admire how much progress this country has made in the last 40 years.

看着中国前进吧。你不得不佩服这个国家在过去40年里取得的进步。

ZHEN
People has no clue, how advanced Chinese autos are. BYD's Han Hybrid has 56 mpg, if allowed in the US, it will crush any competitor,
China has the largest auto market in the world.

人们根本就不知道中国的汽车有多先进。比亚迪的混合动力车型汉每加仑油能跑56英里,如果美国允许进口,汉将碾压所有竞争对手,
中国拥有全球最大的汽车市场。

Nalla
China steals EU, West technology and sales same product to EU, USA.
Wake up (visionless) rulers and governments.

中国oo欧盟、西方的技术,然后把同样的产品卖给欧盟和美国。
(无远见的)统治者和政府醒醒吧。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


edward l
Delusional

妄想症

Tom
While the West except Elon are satisfied with the powerful ICE vehicles, China has the foresight of renewable energy as the main power source for the future of the huge world vehicle industry. Someday, the EV will be produced at a much cheaper costs than any existing ICE vehicles. Elon Musk of TESLA & Warren Buffet of BYD are indeed visionaries.

除马斯克,西方国家对强大的内燃机汽车现状很满意,而中国则更有远见,将可再生能源作为未来庞大的世界汽车工业的主要动力来源。总有一天,电动汽车的生产成本会比所有现有内燃机汽车都低。特斯拉的马斯克和比亚迪的巴菲特确实是有远见的人。

the_dead_martian
Since 2020, China had been steadily decreased the incentives for purchasing electrical cars. Started from 2023, no more EV purchasing incentives. From market perspective, there are too many domastic EV manufacturers, Chinese government would like to see some of them die off naturally via market competitions. BTW, orginal EV car purschase incentives applied for all of EVs, domastic or foreign imported, include Tesla.

2020年以来,中国一直在稳步降低对购买电动汽车的补贴。2023年开始,购买电动汽车不再享受补贴。从市场角度看,国内电动车制造商太多了,中国政府希望看到一些企业在市场竞争中自然消亡。顺便说一句,购买所有电动汽车,无论是国产的还是进口的,包括特斯拉,都可以领取补贴。

antiwar
Socialism China exports beat us eu

社会主义中国出口打败了美国欧盟

Older is better
I wish the US could allow some of these Chinese EVs in so we could try it out. Too bad, the US government has taken this freedom away from the American people. Free economy means competition, not protection, because competition makes better goods and benefit the consumers. Now the question boils down to: protect the interest of those highly paid workers in "Detroit" or paycheck-to-paycheck average Joes and Janes in your neighbohood.

我希望美国能允许一些中国电动汽车进入美国市场,这样我们就可以试一试。太恶劣了,美国政府剥夺了人民的自由。自由经济意味着竞争,而不是保护,因为竞争可以制造出更好的产品,让消费者受益。现在的问题归结为:是保护“底特律”那些高薪工人的利益,还是保护你所在社区那些薪水微薄的普通人的利益。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Jean
You don't have to manufacture everything, just the right thing. Big ticket items pay greater, and the work is no more than for the lower end manufacturers. EV's are China's next Dollar Drain.

不需要制造全部产品,只制造对的就行。高价产品的收益更高,而且这项工作也仅限于低端制造商。电动汽车将成为中国下一个美元消耗源。

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