网友热议:美国人口众多,但 GDP 却高得离谱,原因何在?
2024-01-13 平平躺平 6302
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GDP is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a specific time period by a country. The short answer is lots of money changing hands equals high GDP. The US has, makes, and buys lots of stuff

GDP 是一个衡量国家在特定时期内所生产的全部最终商品和服务市场价值的货币指标。简单来说,大量资金交易意味着较高的 GDP 水平。美国拥有庞大的生产和消费规模,买卖了大量的商品和服务。

Maybe you can explain GDP by PPP to me, too, while you're at it. I've always been confused about that

或许,在你提到GDP的同时,能不能也帮我解释一下按购买力平价(PPP)计算的GDP?我一直对此感到困惑。

Nation X's GDP per capita is $1000.
Now say McD burger in US costs $5. But you can get same burger for only $2.5 in X.
Now the effective PPP of nation X is $2000. That means a US dollar in X has twice the purchasing power than in US.

国家X的人均GDP为1000美元。
现在假设在美国,一个麦当劳汉堡售价5美元。但在X国,你可以用2.5美元买到相同的汉堡。
这意味着当前X国的有效购买力平价(PPP)是2000美元。换句话说,在X国,每一美元的购买力相当于美国的两倍。

Other folks explained this well but I have a short version of this that I like to use. GDP per capita is how many hamburgers you can buy on vacation (equal costs for all countries) PPP is how many hamburgers you can buy at home (local price differences factored in)

其他人已经对此做了很好的解释,但我喜欢用一个简化的版本来说明。人均GDP就像是你在国外度假时能买多少个汉堡(假设所有国家汉堡成本相同);而购买力平价(PPP)则是你在国内实际能买到多少个汉堡(考虑了当地价格差异的因素)。
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If you have ever heard of “brain drain,” or when talented people leave undesirable places to make their lives better…
They move here

或许你曾听说过“人才流失”这个词,也就是有才能的人离开条件不好的地方去追求更好的生活……
他们会选择迁移到这里。

The United States is indeed the richest major economy with the wealthiest citizens in the world. Literally almost all major innovations in past 40 years originated there and the high standards of living attract the best and brightest to move there while causing brain drain in other countries

美国确实是全球最富裕的主要经济体,拥有世界上最富有的公民。过去40年来几乎所有重大创新都源自美国,高生活水平吸引了最优秀和最聪明的人才移居那里,同时给其他国家造成了人才流失的现象。
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What attracts people to go there is not the standard of living, but the salaries. And a lot of these people also leave after making some money there, and go back to their more comfortable countries

吸引人们去那里的不是生活水平,而是工资。很多人在那里赚了一些钱后也会离开,回到他们更舒适的国家

The US does serve as a key talent flow destination but it’s important to recognise that the true picture needs to account for the fact that it’s really four countries — the US, UK, Canada, and Australia — that serve as the collective epicentre of talent flow into the OECD (source).

美国确实扮演着关键人才流动目的地的角色,但重要的是要认识到实际情况是,真正构成经合组织(OECD)内部人才流入中心的实际上是四个国家——美国、英国、加拿大和澳大利亚。这四个国家共同构成了人才流入的核心地带(资料来源)。

Anglo Sphere >>>

盎格鲁圈国家(英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等英语文化圈国家)在吸引全球人才方面占据优势。

It’s been the epicenter of the world’s economy for a long time. It’s absurdly productive and innovative. Not sure why this would be a surprise.

长期以来,它一直是世界经济的中心。其生产力和创新能力惊人,这一点不足为奇。

Plus now we’re a petrol state.

另外,我们现在也成为了石油国家。

We’ve been a petrol state since oil came on the scene in the 1870s.
1870s-1950 the US held close to a worldwide monopoly, producing the majority of the worlds oil for the better part of 7 decades.
The US has produced more oil in its history than any other country BY FAR.
We have a diversified economy so we’re not the classic “petrol state” . Some may nitpick that.
It is, however, inarguable that the US’ early oil monopoly and generally high levels of production throughout history have shaped its history. Most people do not understand the gravity of that. It is a massive reason why mass adoption of the automobile happened here before everywhere else and to a greater degree. Oil was significantly cheaper and more available here for decades.
Building an economy on cheap oil that became reliant on it is a huge reason that oil is subsidized today.

自 19 世纪 70 年代石油出现以来,我们就一直是一个石油国家。
19 世纪 70 年代至 1950 年,美国几乎垄断了全球石油生产,在长达 70 年的时间里生产了世界上大部分的石油。
美国在历史上的石油产量远远超过其他任何国家。
我们的经济多元化,所以我们不是典型的 "石油国家"。有人可能会对此吹毛求疵。
但不可否认的是,美国早期的石油垄断和历史上普遍的高产量塑造了美国的历史。大多数人并不了解这一点的严重性。这是美国比其他国家更早、更大程度地大规模普及汽车的重要原因。几十年来,这里的石油价格低廉得多,也更容易获得。
依赖廉价石油发展经济,是今天对石油进行补贴的重要原因。

Freedom!
Oh, and all the biggest major oligarchs in the world are there. And oil. And massive defense spending. And pharmaceutical companies. And massive tracts of agribusiness. And a huge slice of the worlds finance industry. Did I mention the oil?

自由!
哦,还有,全世界最大的一些寡头都在那里。再加上丰富的石油资源、巨额的国防开支、众多制药企业、大片的农业综合企业以及世界金融行业的巨大份额。我提到石油了吗?

Technology and geographic advantage.
We are always going to be a an ocean of food, surrounded by vast mountain ranges of mineral that sit atop of lake of oil and a navigable river system.
And the dirtiest of secrets...if the world goes to shit in the fires of wars and geopolitics...we benefit.

技术和地理优势。
我们拥有海洋般的丰富资源,四周环绕着富含矿产的广阔山脉,这些山脉下蕴藏着石油湖,并且拥有一套便利的可航行水系。
还有个最不为人知的秘密——如果世界在战火纷飞与地缘政治冲突中陷入混乱,美国反而会从中受益。

A shitload of oil helps a lot. (US is the no1 producer)

大量的石油资源确实起到了很大作用。(美国是全球最大的产油国)

Pretty easy to point to this shift during WW1 - the world banking/finance essentially moved from London to NYC during that time.

很容易指出这个转折点是在一战期间——当时世界银行和金融中心实质上从伦敦转移到了纽约。

And devastated every other world power while the US was basically unscathed. Refugees also left the old world by the millions and never returned.

与此同时,美国基本毫发无损,其他国家的势力却遭受了毁灭性打击。数以百万计的难民离开了原来的家园,并且再也没有回去。

because after WW2 it was one of the very few places that wasn't bombed to shit. it was also the only industrialized place in the world that was not only functioning but profited immensely from the war, while other countries such as the UK were drowned in debt to the US from the war.

因为二战结束后,美国是少数几个未被严重轰炸的国家之一。同时,它是世界上唯一不仅保持正常运转,而且从战争中获得巨大利益的工业化国家,而其他国家如英国则因战争背负了巨额对美债务。

Also to add that the US dollar is the world reserve currency (commodities are largely priced and sold in dollars). That means in essence America gets stuff for free from the rest of the world.
And don’t forget that the US government runs massive deficits (which are paid for by the rest of the world), which has the effect of increasing GDP. The deficit currently sits at around $1.7 trillion.
And add to this that the US military is how the US maintains its dollar hegemony. This spending is precisely why high tech industries blossomed there in the 20th century - thus putting them at the front seat of global innovation.
Tons of other reasons too but the US wouldn’t have such a high GDP per capita if it weren’t for the US dollar being so widely accepted (whether by force or by virtue).

此外,美元是世界储备货币(大部分商品以美元计价和交易),这意味着本质上美国能从世界其他国家免费获取商品。
同时不要忘记,美国政府运行着庞大的财政赤字(由世界其他国家买单),这反过来会推高GDP。目前美国的财政赤字约为1.7万亿美元。
再者,美国通过其军事力量维持美元霸权地位。这种支出正是20世纪高科技产业在美国蓬勃发展的重要原因,从而使美国在全球创新中占据领先地位。
还有许多其他因素,但如果没有美元被广泛接受(无论出于强制还是自愿),美国的人均GDP不可能如此之高。

1.Military and other goverment spending
2.Economic activicy done be foreigner inside US
This is also why Qatar GDP is so high

1.军事和其他政府支出
2.外国人在美国境内进行的经济活动
这也是卡塔尔GDP如此之高的原因之一

The USA has the largest contiguous chunk of good farmland in the world. Overlaid with that chunk is the best river network in the world. Along its coast is the greatest amount of safe harbor real estate in the world.
These are the things that generate wealth. We have more of them than anyone else.

美国拥有世界上最大的连片优质农田,同时这片土地上分布着世界上最优秀的河流网络。此外,其海岸线上还拥有世界上最多的优良港口资源。
这些是创造财富的关键要素。美国在这些方面比任何国家都更胜一筹。

Atlantic and Pacific frontiers and what you said. History has always favoured island nations. This is what a well defended island nation looks like in the 21st century. I know, I live in Canada

拥有大西洋和太平洋边界,以及您刚才提到的那些优势。历史上岛国总是受到偏爱。在21世纪,一个防守良好的岛国就是这样。我知道这一点,因为我住在加拿大。

And because of all those safe harbors it necessitates the most powerful navy I. The world.
And duw to that the US has it in their best interest to police the ocean to keep them safe. It's absurd how luck the United States got it was practically impossible for them to not become the uncontedted global super power

正因为拥有众多安全的港口,美国必须拥有一支世界上最强大的海军。
因此,出于维护自身利益的考虑,美国有必要保护海洋安全以确保港口的安全。令人惊讶的是,美国所拥有的种种优势使其无可争议的成为全球超级大国,这样的好运实在是难以置信。

How on earth are you defining "best river network in the world"?
Average distance to navigable watercourse?

您是如何定义“世界上最好的河流网络”的?
是依据距离最近可航行水道的平均距离吗?

Longest navigable river system, interconnectivity to 28 states, the Great Lakes, Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico.

世界上最长的可航行水系,连接了28个州、五大湖、大西洋和墨西哥湾。

Sure, the Mississippi is great, but best implies some level of comparison to other countries.
Longest isn't sensible, as a small country doesn't need such a long navigable river.

当然,密西西比河非常壮观,但“最好”一词意味着需要与其它国家的河流进行一定程度的比较。
以长度最长作为标准并不合理,因为小国并不需要如此长的可航行河流。

Love it or hate it the answer is capitalism

无论你爱它还是恨它,答案都是资本主义
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European shocked the USA is rich as fuck

欧洲人惊讶于美国竟然如此富有

Just a tax loophole used by big corporations to avoid paying taxes. Its only paper money - none of it goes to the people

这主要是大公司利用税收漏洞避税所致,只是账面上的财富,并没有真正流向普通民众。

Because the money in the US famously goes to the people

因为在美国,钱通常被认为是流向了民众。

Meanwhile all Americans cry about the "rich and greedy" corporations when in reality US corporations pay some of the highest corp taxes in the world

同时,所有美国人都在抱怨“富有且贪婪”的公司,而实际上,美国企业的企业所得税是世界上最高的国家之一。

Ngl as an American I am shocked at Ireland. How?

作为一个美国人,说实话我也对爱尔兰感到惊讶。怎么会这样?

Ireland is one of the only countries in the world that actively discourages others from using their GDP measurements. They typically use a form of modified GNIinstead.

爱尔兰是世界上少数几个积极劝阻他人使用其GDP(国内生产总值)衡量标准的国家之一。他们通常采用一种经过修正的国民总收入(GNI)指标来代替。

Right but the modified GNI is still very high.

没错,即便是经过修正的国民总收入(GNI)仍然相当高。

US companies create an Irish subsidiary and claim that their profits occur there so that they can take advantage of the lower corporate tax rate.

美国公司通常会在爱尔兰设立子公司,并声称其利润发生在该子公司,以便利用爱尔兰较低的企业所得税率。
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And then most of that goes to one of the British channel islands for even less taxes.

然后,大部分利润还会流向英国海峡群岛中税率更低的地方。

A lot of money goes into ireland and is written as 'made in ireland' by corpos, but it leaves the country equally quickly and barely anything of it is left there. Their gdp is meaningless. Apple, google, microsoft, everyone.
But it does contribute to the worst housing situation in europe.

大量资金流入爱尔兰,被企业标记为“爱尔兰制造”,但这些资金同样迅速流出该国,几乎没留下多少。因此,爱尔兰的GDP数字其实没有什么意义。像苹果、谷歌、微软等众多企业都是如此。
但这也导致了欧洲最严峻的住房问题。

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I wouldn’t say the low tax rate is even in the top 5 contributing factors for the housing crisis

我不会说低税率是导致住房危机的前五大因素之一。

Fiscal paradise.

避税天堂。

Corporations sell intellectual property to themselves to avoid taxes, and Ireland is the best country to do it from

企业通过将知识产权出售给自己以规避税收,而爱尔兰是进行此类操作的最佳国家。

GDP stats padded by US multinationals “booking” revenue figures there from other countries mostly in Europe

GDP统计数据因美国跨国公司主要从欧洲其他国家“记账”收入而被夸大。

Ignore Ireland, it's just a tax loophole for big companies - it doesn't necessarily mean the folks there are any better off.

别管爱尔兰了,那只是大公司利用的一个税收漏洞,并不一定意味着那里的人们生活更好。

USA is business-friendly and innovation-friendly. Easiest place to start and grow a business.

美国有对商业和创新极为友好的环境,是启动和发展企业最便利的地方。

United States is a highly entrepreneural country. Many startups and new billion dollar companies are located in the US even foreign companies choose to invest there
Even the best workforce in Eastern Europe and Asia are seeking careers there
As of the moment, it's impossible for a rich companies to bypass the US. They may not invest in the UK, France or Japan but we're sure will try their best to become a major player in the US

美国是一个高度创业型国家。许多初创企业和新的十亿美元级公司都设在美国,甚至外国企业也选择在那里投资。
即便是来自东欧和亚洲最优秀的人才也纷纷寻求在美国的职业发展机会。
就当前而言,对于财力雄厚的公司来说,忽视美国市场几乎是不可能的。它们可能不会在英国、法国或日本等地大规模投资,但一定会尽全力在美国市场占据一席之地。

People in this thread are correct that there are many start ups and billion dollar companies here, but they’re not mentioning why.
I would argue that the reason for this is that the United States is a significantly better place to be rich than any other country. For better or for worse, European nations are better at taxing their high net worth individuals.

本帖中的人们指出美国有很多初创企业和价值数十亿美元的公司是对的,但他们并未提及其中的原因。
我认为,造成这一现象的原因在于,在美国成为富人要比在其他国家好得多。不论优劣,欧洲国家更擅长对高净值个人征税。

US is the only absurdly rich country which is not a microstate, It has not always been like this, 20 years ago the US was pretty much as rich as the majority If other rich countries, explanation is that in the modern Tech Economy, winner takes all, all major tech companies are American and they have almost 100% of their respective markets, the exception is for Chinese companies, which are also large, but not by far comparable since they operate only on China.

美国是唯一一个极为富裕且非微型国家的经济体。在过去并非一直如此。大约20年前,美国的富裕程度与其他大多数发达国家相当。现代科技经济环境下呈现出“赢家通吃”的特点,所有主要科技公司都是美国企业,并几乎占据了各自市场的100%份额。例外的是中国的大型科技公司,虽然它们也很大,但由于它们主要在中国市场运营,所以在全球范围内的可比性并不高。

Norway, Australia and Switzerland are rich countries

挪威、澳大利亚和瑞士都是富裕国家。

Norway is not a microstate and it’s absurdly rich , thanks to oil.

挪威并非微型国家,其财富也极为丰厚,这主要归功于石油资源。
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Norway also has a population roughly similar to the Atlanta metro area. It’s very small, with a lot of oil money.
Despite that, median income is higher in Mississippi (poorest US state) than Norway, or UK or France.

挪威的人口规模与亚特兰大都市区大致相当,是一个人口相对较少但拥有大量石油财富的国家。
然而,尽管如此,美国最贫穷州密西西比州的中位数收入仍然高于挪威、英国或法国。

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You could probably argue it is a microstate considering it houses some 5M people, little more than half the population of Switzerland
Unless by microstate you mean stuff like Luxembourg or Lichtenstein

考虑到挪威人口大约为500万,仅比瑞士人口稍多一点,从某种程度上来说,你可以说它是一个微型国家。
当然,如果“微型国家”指的是卢森堡或列支敦士登这类小国的话,则不包括挪威。

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What differentiates the USA from the countries you mentioned is that it has over 300m people and still ranks so highly on monetary statistics. Those countries' populations don't go past 40 million individually and collectively don't add up to 50 million.

美国与您提到的那些国家的不同之处在于,美国拥有超过3亿人口,但在货币统计方面依然名列前茅。而这些国家各自的总人口均不超过4000万,它们的人口总数加起来也没有达到5000万。

Way too many reasons but as an entrepreneur, I’ve found that the American culture cherishes consumption to a pathological degree. In my country, if you tell people that you have debt because of your shopping, they’ll call you insane. But in the US, people casually have thousands in credit card debt
I’ve found it ridiculously easy to sell things to American customers. Americans, to quote my cofounder, will “buy everything at least once.”

原因多得数不胜数,但作为一名创业者,我发现美国文化对消费有着近乎病态的崇尚。在我的国家,如果你告诉别人你因为购物而负债累累,人们会认为你不理智。但在美国,人们随随便便就会欠下数千美元的信用卡债务。
我发现在美国销售产品简直是易如反掌。引用我的联合创始人的说法,美国人“几乎什么东西都至少买一次”。

Americans have some of the highest wages in the world, this also when combined with the fact most Americans pay less taxes than those in contemporary countries, means you have 300 million people all buying more things like electronics, cars, homes, etc than Europeans.

美国人的工资水平在世界上属于较高之列,再加上大多数美国人所缴纳的税款比当代其他国家公民少这一事实,这意味着3亿美国人购买电子产品、汽车、房产等物品的数量要超过欧洲人。

Bro its the US of A how can you be surprised? There are reasons why its no. 1

兄弟,这是美利坚合众国(USA),你怎么会感到惊讶呢?它之所以能成为世界第一,是有原因的。

High productivity. When you work 50+ hours a week at one or many jobs, this tends to build up per capita income. When you work 35 hours a week and have a months vacation a year, productivity drops.

生产率高。当你每周在一份或多份工作上工作 50 小时以上时,这往往会增加人均收入。当你每周工作 35 小时,而且每年还有一个月的假期时,生产率就会下降。

Productivity is based on output per hour so that’s why French & Dutch have higher productivity figures in Europe because of their absurdly low working hours

生产率是基于每小时产出计算的,这就是为什么法国和荷兰虽然其工作时间极其短却在欧洲拥有较高生产率数据的原因。

Oil, internet and dollar. And worker protection.
If you use the median income (PPP) than the US is still ahead (24k vs 20k most western nations). But not as extreme as it's often depicted.
Without their oil and tech companies and the huge trade dominance the average citizen would actually be poorer than the average western European.
Germans are actually richer by median income (PPP) if we adjust the working hours. With a average of 1340 working hours compared to 1810 hours, the average American works 1.35 times longer, but only earns 1.2 times more.
And last but not least: many rich people. It's a similar effect to tax havens, that have a distorted GDP. The average American isn't rich, it's just that the really rich people are rich enough to live for millions.

石油、互联网和美元,以及劳动者权益保护等因素共同支撑了美国的经济地位。
如果按照中位数收入(购买力平价PPP)来衡量,美国确实仍处于领先地位(约24,000美元对比大多数西欧国家的约20,000美元),但优势并不像人们通常所描述的那样极端。
如果没有石油产业、科技公司及其巨大的贸易主导地位,美国普通民众的生活水平实际上可能会低于西欧平均水平。
调整工作时间后,德国人的中位数收入(购买力平价PPP)实际上更高——平均每年工作1340小时,相比之下,美国人平均每年工作1810小时,也就是说美国人工作时间大约比德国人多出1.35倍,但收入仅高出1.2倍左右。
最后,美国拥有众多富人的事实也对整体数据产生了影响,这一现象类似于避税天堂对GDP的扭曲效应。事实上,美国普通民众并非都很富裕,只是其中真正富裕的人群足够富有,以至于他们的财富可以累积到数百万乃至更多。

I remember about 60% of USA's GDP comes from the domestic demands which means they normally purchase and consume much more than other countries, at the inflated price. They have oil, tons of goods and services to export but always report a big trade deficit...

我记得美国大约60%的GDP源自国内需求,这意味着美国人通常以较高的价格购买和消费的商品及服务远超其他国家。虽然美国拥有丰富的石油资源、大量可供出口的商品和服务,但其贸易逆差一直居高不下。

The US had massive unproductive economic sectors that inflates its GDP.

美国拥有大量对GDP有显著贡献但效率低下的经济部门。

The greenback printing machine and a very strong military also help a lot explain that.

美元印钞机制以及强大的军队也在很大程度上帮助解释了这一现象。

Despite a lot of the doom and gloom, the United States of America is still insanely good at producing wealth. It should not have as much inequality as it has but it’s still not as unequal as other countries and even so, its poorest state (Mississippi) is still richer than most countries.
China is slowing down and the U.S. actually has a chance to revitalize itself this decade to keep being the top economy in the world for the rest of the century.
Its economic model is just too good at producing wealth and more countries should copy the good they do as much as they can. They’re a democracy and capitalist and that makes them very productive. Most of their citizens are productive, innovating, creating, trading, working.
The U.S. can learn some good things from Europe and other countries (like healthcare and better cities and urbanization) but overall, they’re better than most at everything else.

尽管有许多悲观的声音,但美利坚合众国在创造财富方面仍然极其出色。虽然其国内存在着严重的不平等现象,但相比其他国家而言,美国的不平等程度并不算最严重;即使是最贫穷的州——密西西比州,其富裕程度仍超过许多国家。
随着中国的增长放缓,美国在这个十年中有机会重振旗鼓,继续保持本世纪剩余时间内全球最大经济体的地位。
美国的经济模式在创造财富方面表现出色,更多国家应该尽可能地借鉴其成功经验。作为一个民主和资本主义国家,美国的生产效率非常高。大部分公民富有生产力、善于创新、勇于创造、积极贸易、努力工作。
美国可以从欧洲和其他国家学习一些有益的东西(比如医疗保健、更好的城市规划与都市化建设),但在总体上,他们在其他诸多领域都优于大多数国家。

Surprised non of the top comments point out that the dollars value is artificially inflated due to its reserve status. So in GDP (nominal) terms it's unfairly flattering to the US.

惊讶的是,高赞评论中没有指出美元的价值由于其储备货币地位而被人为地推高。因此,在GDP(名义)层面,这确实对美国显得过于有利。

Vast land area, vast natural resources, extremely defensible position with no countries who could even hope to threaten them militarily without triggering MAD, institutions and culture that encourage relatively free movement of people and resources, institutions that favour innovation and improvement in technology, science, production, extraction, transportation, and everything else that makes an economy tick. Additionally, due to the high quality of life and incentives for innovation and ambition, they are a magnet for the worlds highly educated and talented people.
In summary, and in no particular order:
Geography
Natural resources
Institutions/culture

广阔的领土、丰富的自然资源、极其稳固的防御位置(没有国家能够在不触发“相互确保摧毁”原则的前提下对其构成军事威胁)、鼓励人员和资源相对自由流动的制度与文化,以及有利于科技创新、技术发展、生产改进、资源开采、交通运输等推动经济发展的各项制度。此外,由于其高品质的生活水平及对创新和进取精神的激励,美国成为了全世界高学历和人才的磁石。
总结起来,不分先后顺序:
地理位置
自然资源
制度/文化

US big country. Much land. Much cattle. Much river. Very industrious. Many immigrant. Big home market. Many company. Much capitalism.

美国是一个地域辽阔的大国,拥有丰富的土地资源、大量的畜牧业和众多的河流。美国人民勤劳奋进,历史上吸引了大量移民,形成了庞大的国内市场,此外,美国还拥有多家大型企业,是高度发达的资本主义经济体系。

Don't forget that the United States has the so-called unrestricted money printing machine called the Federal Reserve and can support such because USD is the world's reserve currency, thus its government budget deficits can be financed by foreign purchases of US Treasury bonds, so this is the reason why the US is insanely rich, GDP per capita wise, relative to its population size.

请不要忘记,美国拥有一个被称作美联储的近乎不受限制的货币发行机制。由于美元是全球储备货币,美国政府可以通过其他国家来购买美国国债为其财政赤字提供资金支持。这就解释了为什么美国在人均GDP方面相较于其人口规模而言显得异常富裕。

It's in fact fairly flattering. The US has earned that status by being the world's largest, strongest economy for 150 years. And it has been the only truly comprehensive superpower in world history (the USSR was a malfunctioning joke by comparison and largely a paper bear). China is the only nation that could potentially rival the US.

实际上,这种优势是相当合理的。美国凭借其过去150年来作为全球最大、最强经济体的表现赢得了这一地位,并且在世界历史上,它是唯一一个真正全面的超级大国(与之相比,苏联是一个运转不良的笑柄,很大程度上只是纸面上的威胁)。中国是唯一一个有可能与美国竞争的国家。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


And now, the EU and China both have a larger manufacturing output than the US.

现在,欧盟和中国的制造业产出都超过了美国。

And? Is that supposed to mean anything? US economy is still quite a bit larger than both (over 25% larger than the EU combined, even some 30% larger than China) The reason for the apparent lower industrial output would be that the US has rather switched to that sweet sweet tech industry.
(Though I would like to ask your source about the EU manufacturing output vs the US, China is quite obvious of course)
And if our data tells us anything, the EU has no chance whatsoever catching the USA in terms of economy. China might.

然后呢?这能说明什么吗?美国的经济总量仍然比欧盟和中国都大得多(比欧盟的总和大 25%,甚至比中国大 30%)。
(我想问一下你关于欧盟与美国的制造业产出相比的资料来源,不过中美之间的差距显而易见。)
根据我们掌握的数据,欧盟在经济总量上几乎没有可能追赶上美国;而中国则有可能在未来实现这一超越。

With all its flaws, the US has a culture and structure that somehow seems to allow innovation to flourish, more than almost any other country. And the result is the huge economic impact of the goods and services that is produced by the country that are wanted by not only Americans but much of the rest of the world.

尽管存在种种缺陷,但美国拥有某种文化与结构体系似乎特别能够促进创新的繁荣发展,这一点在众多国家中尤为突出。因此,美国所生产的商品和服务对全球经济产生了巨大影响,不仅仅是美国人所需要的,也得到了世界上许多其他国家和地区消费者的青睐。

The GDP does not indicate wealth. Fuel burned uselessly in a traffic jam increases the GDP. Having cancer or diabetes increases the GDP. Owning a weapon, digging a hole increases the GDP, as does filling it back in. Cutting one's own hair does not. All unnecessary expenses or if everything is expensive make the GDP high.

GDP并不能准确反映财富状况。例如,在交通堵塞中无谓消耗的燃料会增加GDP;癌症或糖尿病等疾病的发生会增加医疗支出,从而推高GDP;购买武器、挖坑再填平这些行为同样也会增加GDP。然而,自己理发这种自给自足的行为却不会计入GDP。所有不必要的消费或高昂的生活成本都会使GDP数值提高,但这并不意味着国家和社会变得更富有。GDP只是衡量经济总量的一个指标,并不能全面体现一个国家或地区的居民生活质量、环境可持续性以及资源的有效利用程度。

The upper middle class in the US is insanely prosperous. Great for them. The lower middle class not so much compared to the EU. One in five lower middleclass Americans will experience medical bankruptcy during their lifetime, they work much harder and longer – and have less chance of providing their kids with a good education. Having said that, all Europeans admire the US on several levels, and we depend on it to be a beacon for the free world. In this context Trump with his 'America First', Putin-filia and flimsy policies is really bad news.

美国的上层中产阶级富得流油。这对他们来说很好。与欧盟相比,中下层阶级就没那么幸运了。每五个中下层美国人中就有一个会在有生之年遭遇医疗破产,他们工作更加辛苦、时间更长,而且给孩子提供良好教育的机会也更少。尽管如此,所有的欧洲人在多个层面上都钦佩美国,并依赖美国作为自由世界的灯塔。在这种背景下,特朗普所秉持的 "美国优先"、"普京主义 "和脆弱的政策主张对于国际社会而言确实是个坏消息。

There are some huge hidden taxes of the U.S. compared to other countries. There is a comparatively weaker social safety net. Homelessness is a bigger problem in the U.S. compared to many European nations. Healthcare and post secondary education are two others. A minor issue in the U.S. election has been forgiveness of university-related student loans. Something like 15% of American bankruptcies are related to healthcare.
If you factor in every American's budgeting and costs associated with these three contingent expenses, Americans aren't very wealthy.

美国相较于其他国家存在一些巨大的隐性税收。其社会安全保障体系相对较为薄弱,无家可归问题在美国比许多欧洲国家更为严重。医疗保健和高等教育是另外两大开支负担。在美国选举中,大学相关学生贷款的免除是一个小议题,但值得关注的是,大约15%的美国破产案例与医疗保健费用有关。
如果将每个美国人预算中涉及上述三个不确定支出(即医疗保健、高等教育和潜在的生活保障成本)的因素考虑进去,那么实际上,美国人的财富状况并不像表面上看起来那么优越。

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